Pieter Zeeman observed in 1896 the splitting of optical spectral lines in the field of an electromagnet. Since then, the splitting of energy levels proportional to an external magnetic field has been called the "Zeeman effect". The "Zeeman resonance effect" causes magnetic resonances which are classified under radio frequency spectroscopy (rf spectroscopy). In these resonances, the transitions ...

To observe nuclear magnetic resonance, the sample nuclei are first aligned in a strong magnetic field. In this experiment, you will learn the techniques used in a pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus (a) to perturb the nuclei out of alignment with the field and (b) to measure the small return signal as the misaligned nuclei precess in the field. Because the return signal carries informat...

Great spectral simplification can be obtained by spreading the conventional one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum in two independent frequency dimensions. This so-called two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy removes spectral overlap, facilitates spectral assignment, and provides a wealth of additional information. For example, conformational information related to interproton dis...

A super-resolution parameter estimation scheme for multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is presented in this paper. Multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance signals can be modeled as the summation of multi-dimensional damped sinusoids. The frequencies and the damping factors of multi-dimensional damped sinusoids play important roles in protein structure determination us...

This chapter gives an introduction to automated nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure calculation with the program CYANA. Given a sufficiently complete list of assigned chemical shifts and one or several lists of cross-peak positions and columns from two-, three-, or four-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) spectra, the assignment of the NOESY cross-peaks and the thr...

For the past decade, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been established as a main experimental technique for testing quantum protocols in small systems. This Theme Issue presents recent advances and major challenges of NMR quantum information possessing (QIP), including contributions by researchers from 10 different countries. In this introduction, after a short comment on NMR-QIP basics, we...