The differentiation of a proliferating neural progenitor into a postmitotic neuronal cell is a critical transition during mammalian neural development. During this time period, extensive cell lineage commitments are formed based on signals from dorsoventral and anteroposterior signaling centers (Altmann and Brivanlou, 2001; Briscoe et al., 2000; Chiang et al., 1996; Lee et al., 2000). These sig...

Interest in oocyte cryopreservation has recently increased with the growing importance of in vitro embryo production, nuclear transfer, and gene banking (Gordon, 1997; Andrus et al., 2000). A relatively recent approach to achieve rapid freezing without the use of expensive freezing devices is called vitrification. Vitrification is defined as the physical process by which a highly concentrated s...

At least 40 QTL studies have been reported in pigs (Andersson et al., 1994 a,b; Andersson-Eklund et al., 1998; Beeckmann, 2000; Bidanel et al., 2001; Cassady et al., 2001; Casas-Carrillo et al, 1997; Ciobanu et al, 2001; De Koning et al., 1999; De Koning et al., 2000; De Koning et al., 2001a,b; Desautes et al., 2002; Edfors-Lilja et al., 1998; Geldermann et al., 1999; Grindflek et al., 2001; Ha...

Instrumented spinal fusion surgery is increasingly performed in the treatment of degenerative disorders, Spondylolisthesis, deformity, trauma and tumors affecting the spine (Davis, 1994; Katz, 1995). In-vitro and In-vivo studies using the free hand or fluoroscopically assisted techniques documented breaching of the pedicle in 3-55% (Amiot et al., 2000; Belmont et al., 2001; Belmont et al., 2002...

As with every other organism whose genome has been sequenced (Hinton, 1997; Bork et al., 1998), a chief finding in plants (Bevan et al., 1999; Somerville and Somerville, 1999) is the presence of a vast number of genes (many with no relatives in the databases) whose existence, let alone function, had previously gone unrecorded. The importance of finding the function of these genes has led to wha...

ground penetration radar (gpr) as a nondestructive method for identifying underground objects has been successfully applied to different fields of science such as geotechnical investigations, oil and gas exploration, geology, pipe detection and archeology investigations. metallic and nonmetallic objects can be identified by this method.  the depth of penetration is dictated by the gpr antennas....

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