Electrochemical N2 reduction (NRR) to ammonia is seriously limited by the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but atomic-scale factors controlling HER/NRR competition are unknown. Herein we unveil mechanism, thermodynamics, and kinetics determining efficiency on state-of-the-art NRR electrocatalyst, Ru-N4, using grand canonical ensemble density functional theory (GCE-DFT). We show that...

AIMS To evaluate the ability of the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (TopSS) to detect early glaucomatous visual field defect using our unique discriminant criteria. METHODS The optic discs of 110 eyes of normal Korean subjects were examined and normal values for each variable were obtained according to the size of the optic disc. The five most sensitive optic disc variables for discrim...

The regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) levels is achieved in part by high-capacity vacuolar Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters. An N-terminal regulatory region (NRR) on the Arabidopsis Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter CAX1 (cation exchanger 1) has been shown previously to regulate Ca(2+) transport by a mechanism of N-terminal auto-inhibition. Here, we examine the regulation of other CAX transporters, both within Ar...

Neural Rewards Regression (NRR) is a generalisation of Temporal Difference Learning (TD-Learning) and Approximate Q-Iteration with Neural Networks. The method allows to trade between these two techniques as well as between approaching the fixed point of the Bellman iteration and minimising the Bellman residual. NRR explicitly finds a near-optimal Q-function without an algorithmic framework exce...

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for body condition score (BCS), days to first service (DFS), non-return rate (NRR), somatic cell score (SCS), and 305-day milk, fat and protein yields were estimated, using 38930 multiple lactation records of cows across 1830 herds. The cows were daughters of 243 different sires. Singleand multi-trait repeatability animal models were used to estimate parameters...

BACKGROUND Notch receptors are normally cleaved during maturation by a furin-like protease at an extracellular site termed S1, creating a heterodimer of non-covalently associated subunits. The S1 site lies within a key negative regulatory region (NRR) of the receptor, which contains three highly conserved Lin12/Notch repeats and a heterodimerization domain (HD) that interact to prevent prematur...

Bull spermatozoa are rich in active miRNAs, and it has been shown that specific spermborne miRNAs can be linked to fertility. Thus, expression profiling of spermatozoa could be helpful for understanding male fertility and the ability of spermatozoa to initiate and sustain zygotic, embryonic and foetal development. Herein we hypothesized that bulls with moderate to high fertility can be identifi...

Certain types of random rearrangements of attracting sets (attractors) arising in the phase space of a ring resonator containing a nonlinear medium are studied numerically. It is shown that for certain values of the parameters we can reduce the 2-D mapping describing the evolution of the field in the resonator to 1-D and give a qualitative explanation of the threshold phenomena observed. A meth...

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction (NRR) has attracted much attention as a promising technique to produce ammonia at ambient conditions in an environmentally benign and less energy-consuming manner compared the current Haber–Bosch process. However, even though research on NRR catalysts been conducted, their low selectivity reaction rate still hinder practical application of Among various cataly...

To achieve required sensing coverage for a very long period of time is an important and challenging problem in sensor network design. Recently, Tong et al. have proposed a node replacement and reclamation (NRR) strategy, and designed an adaptive rendezvous-based two-tier scheduling (ARTS) scheme. However, the ARTS scheme only considers point coverage but not area coverage, which is required in ...