Five steers (491 +/- 21 kg BW) were used in an incomplete 5 x 4 Latin square with four 24-d periods to determine the influence of supplemental non-protein N (NPN) source and supplementation frequency (SF) on nutrient intake and site of digestion in steers consuming low-quality grass straw (4% CP). Treatments (TRT) included an unsupplemented control and a urea- or biuret-containing supplement pl...

The explosive proliferation of battery powered equipment in the past decade has created unique requirements for a voltage regulator that cannot be met by the industry standards like the LM340 or the LM317. These regulators use an NPN Darlington pass transistor (Figure 1), and will be referred to in this document as NPN regulators. The demand for higher performance is being met by the newer low-...

The class of compounds called non-protein nitrogen (NPN) is not a homogeneous group of similar chemicals but rather an operational term for the remainder of nitrogen in milk and formula once the protein fraction has been removed. NPN therefore consists of widely diverse types of compounds, ranging from urea to complex nitrogen-containing oligosaccharides. It is obvious that the capacity of an i...

This paper addresses a method to improve the linearity characteristics of power amplifiers by developing a PNP HBT technology and combining the PNP HBTs with NPN HBTs in a push-pull amplifier. InP-based PNP HBTs were fabricated with hfe > 30, BVECO = 5.6 , and fT and fmax of 11 and 31 GHz, respectively, which is the best reported for InAlAs/InGaAs PNP HBTs. Common-collector push-pull amplifiers...

Liquid feed supplements (LFS) have a long history of use in dairy cattle feeding. Initially, LFS were used in lick tanks as a source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and energy for dry cows and replacement heifers. More recently, with the increased popularity of feeding total mixed rations (TMR), LFS have been marketed with the following claims: • safe and uniform delivery vehicle for micro-nutrie...

Activation of molecular nitrogen by transition metal complexes is an area of current interest as investigations using the inert N2 molecule to produce higher-value organonitrogen compounds intensify. In an attempt to extend the addition of hydride reagents E-H (where E = BR2, AlR2, and SiR3) to the dinitrogen complex ([NPN]Ta)2(mu-H)2(mu-eta1:eta2-N2) [1; where NPN = (PhNSiMe2CH2)2PPh], the rea...

Regulation of the VEGF-VEGF receptor system was examined in the urinary bladder after acute (2-48 h) and chronic (10 days) cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. ELISAs demonstrated significant (P < or = 0.01) upregulation of VEGF in whole urinary bladder with acute and chronic CYP-induced cystitis; however, the magnitude of increase was greater after acute (2-4 h) cystitis. Immunohistochemis...

The initiation, execution, and completion of complex locomotor behaviors are depending on precisely integrated neural circuitries consisting of motor pathways that activate muscles in the extremities and sensory afferents that deliver feedback to motoneurons. These projections form in tight temporal and spatial vicinities during development, yet the molecular mechanisms and cues coordinating th...

OBJECTIVE The 7th edition of AJCC staging manual implicitly states that only T1 and T2 lesions that lack regional lymph node metastasis but have tumor deposit(s) will be classified in addition as N1c, though it is not consistent in that pN1c is also an option for pT3/T4a tumors in the staging table. Nevertheless, in this TNM classification, how to classify tumor deposits (TDs) in colorectal can...