This paper studies the problem of drawing directed acyclic graphs in three dimensions in the straight-line grid model, and so that all directed edges are oriented in a common (upward) direction. We show that there exists a family of outerplanar directed acyclic graphs whose volume requirement is super-linear. We also prove that for the special case of rooted trees a linear volume upper bound is...

aim : the aim of this study was to assess the incidence of irritable bowel syndrome in women undergoing hysterectomy and tubular ligation. background : the results of previous studies have shown an increased incidence of irritable bowel syndrome after gynecological surgeries. patients and methods : participants were patients of alzahra and taleghani university hospitals in tabriz. one hundred a...

since its advent in 1867,the arabic novel has been under the influence of two factors. one factor is longing for the past, the other one is infatuation with the west and submission to its hegemony. in early 20th century, some novels were written in response to public taste and arab culture. this novel is considered by critics of fiction to be a turning point in the path of arabic fiction. at th...

Polymyxin is the last-line therapy against Gram-negative 'superbugs'; however, dose-limiting nephrotoxicity can occur in up to 60% of patients after intravenous administration. Understanding the accumulation and concentration of polymyxin within renal tubular cells is essential for the development of novel strategies to ameliorate its nephrotoxicity and to develop safer, new polymyxins. We desi...

Novel biomaterials for diagnostics and therapeutics of biomedical issues have been considered using science health care. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are naturally occurring aluminosilicate clay. Because their unique hollow tubular structure, biodegradability, mechanical surface properties, they drawn the attention researchers to a variety applications. HNTs inorganic natural aluminosilicates th...

BACKGROUND Although three-dimensional (3D) β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds serve as promising bone graft substitutes for the segmental bone defect treatment, no consensus has been achieved regarding their optimal 3D architecture. METHODS In this study, we has systematically compared four types of β-TCP bone graft substitutes with different 3D architectures, including two types of por...

Fused pyridazines (1,2,3,6,7,8-hexahydro-cinnolino[5,4,3-cde]cinnoline, L and its 2,2,7,7-tetramethyl derivative, Me4L) are designed as rigid multidentate ligands for the construction of framework solids. In combination with copper(I) bromide (iodide) they provide excellent structural examples for predictive engineering and the possibilities for further fine-tuning of the framework architecture...

A patient is described with a novel syndrome characterised by progressive muscular weakness, contractures, pupillary muscle dysfunction, and skeletal deformity. The main myopathological feature was an abundance of tubular aggregates in both type I and type II muscle fibres. Myopathies in which tubular aggregates are the defining feature are rare and either present with progressive muscle weakne...

Wireless network on chip (WiNoC) is one of the promising on-chip interconnection networks for on-chip system architectures. In addition to wired links, these architectures also use wireless links. Using these wireless links makes packets reach destination nodes faster and with less power consumption. These wireless links are provided by wireless interfaces in wireless routers. The WiNoC archite...