CONTEXT The yield of in-hospital stool cultures performed more than 72 hours after admission is low, and a commonly used policy dictates that laboratories reject these cultures to save costs. However, enteropathogenic bacteria other than Clostridium difficile (EPB) may cause nosocomial illness that would be missed by use of such a "3-day rule." OBJECTIVE To develop guidelines for hospital use...

Clostridium difficile remains the major cause of nosocomial diarrhea. Reports on impaired susceptibility of C. difficile to metronidazole and vancomycin and frequent relapses of patients after therapy necessitate the search for new substances. With this study, the activity of OPT-80, a new macrocycle, against 207 C. difficile strains and against other obligately anaerobic bacteria was tested. O...

Introduction: Clostridium difficile is a gram positive, anaerobic spore-forming bacterium associated with gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals. It is the most important cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea in humans, and a considerable increase in the incidence of nosocomial C. difficile infection (CDI) has been reported in North America and Europe. More recently, special attention...

In the last two decades, epidemiological data from United States national administrative databases and population-based studies have shown a two to six-fold increase in the incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), especially in the elderly [1-3]. This increase has been observed in diverse settings with C. difficile replacing methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as the m...

Kiyoshi Kikuchi, Yasushi Ohkusa,Ph.D., Tamie Sugawara, Mika Shigematsu,M.D.,Ph.D.,Kiyosu Taniguchi,M.D.,Ph.D., Nobuhiko Okabe,M.D.,Ph.D. Department of Pediatrics, Shimane Prefectual Central Hospital, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Objective So as to be able to detect nosocomial outbreaks at an early stage, we examine the construction of a syndromic surveillance system for inpatients...

Background and Aims: Clostridium difficile is an identified cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, antibiotic-associated colitis, pseudomembranous colitis and nosocomial diarrhea. The objective of this survey was to determine molecular analysis of toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolates from hospital environment in Tehran tertiary medical centers. Materials and Methods: In this descriptiv...

BACKGROUND Current antibiotic therapies for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea have limitations, including progression to severe disease, recurrent C. difficile-associated diarrhea, and selection for nosocomial pathogens. Tolevamer, a soluble, high-molecular weight, anionic polymer that binds C. difficile toxins A and B is a unique nonantibiotic treatment option. METHODS In this 3-arm,...

INTRODUCTION Rotavirus (RV) infection in neonatal age can be mild or even asymptomatic. Several studies have reported that RV is responsible for 31%-87% of pediatric nosocomial diarrhea and causes gastroenteritis outbreaks in pediatric and neonatal units. OBJECTIVES Study clinical characteristics, genotypes and risk factors of RV infection in neonatal age. METHODS A prospective study was co...

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) in Chinese patients. METHODS Fecal specimens of patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) were collected to test C. difficile toxin A and B using enzyme-linked fluorescent assay to identify CDAD. By adopting a nested case-control design, the ...

Clostridium difficile is recognized as a major cause of nosocomial acquired antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. It is a significant financial burden on modern healthcare resources. This study aimed to assess the molecular characterization of C. difficile strains isolated from children under 5 years old suffered from nosocomial diarrhea. One hundred diarrheic and 130 non...