conclusions regarding the emergence of noroviruses as a relevant cause of acute diarrhea in iranian children, there is a great need to introduce a routine norovirus testing of hospitalized patients with gastroenteritis, particularly in children under 2 years old during the cold season. results of the total collected samples, noroviruses were detected in 47 out of 375 (12.53%). the highest infec...

BACKGROUND Viruses are one of the major reasons of gastrointestinal disease worldwide, and commonly infect children less than five years of age in developing countries. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to determine the frequency of adenoviruses, rotaviruses and noroviruses among diarrhea samples collected from infants of Zabol, south-east of Iran. This study is the first investigation of ad...

Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are the number one cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide resulting in a significant morbidity and mortality all age groups. However, despite medical relevance HuNoV, effective treatment against norovirus infection is yet to be developed. In this study, we investigated anti-Noroviral activity Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) calyces Zanthoxylum armatum (ZA) seeds using murin...

Members of Norovirus, a genus in the family Caliciviridae, are causative agents of epidemic diarrhea in humans. Susceptibility to several noroviruses is linked to human histo-blood type, and its determinant histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are regarded as receptors for these viruses. Specificity for these carbohydrates is strain-dependent. Norwalk virus (NV) is the prototype genogroup I norov...

Noroviruses are important etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis and show great genetic diversity. To characterize more fully previously detected strains that could not be assigned unequivocally to one particular genotype based on the RNA polymerase, we have sequenced a region in the capsid gene and, in some cases, in the junction between open reading frame 1 (ORF 1) and ORF 2. The results a...

Surveillance of noroviruses in Italy identified the novel GII.17 human norovirus strain, Kawasaki 2014, in February 2015. This novel strain emerged as a major cause of gastroenteritis in Asia during 2014/15, replacing the pandemic GII.4 norovirus strain Sydney 2012, but being reported only sporadically elsewhere. This novel strain is undergoing fast diversification and continuous monitoring is ...

Noroviruses are responsible for a large majority of non-bacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. They are considered to be the leading cause of foodborne disease outbreaks and are classified as category B biodefense agents. Noroviruses pose huge medical and economic burdens to the global community: While they display a rapid course of infection in healthy adults, several risk groups inclu...

Noroviruses, an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans, recognize the histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as host susceptible factors in a strain-specific manner. The crystal structures of the HBGA-binding interfaces of two A/B/H-binding noroviruses, the prototype Norwalk virus (GI.1) and a predominant GII.4 strain (VA387), have been elucidated. In this study we determined the crysta...

We compiled sequence and epidemiological data from 172 caliciviruses detected in France from December 1998 to February 2004 in sporadic and outbreak cases. The results showed a cocirculation of strains with a majority of genogroup II (GII) noroviruses. Three groups of noroviruses, not detected before in our laboratory, emerged and spread during the period: the recombinant GGIIb and Norwalk-rela...

Human noroviruses in the family Caliciviridae are a major cause of epidemic gastroenteritis. They are responsible for at least 95% of viral outbreaks and over 50% of all outbreaks worldwide. Transmission of these highly infectious plus-stranded RNA viruses occurs primarily through contaminated food or water, but also through person-to-person contact and exposure to fomites. Norovirus infections...