Microtubules, the active filaments with tubular shapes, play important roles in a wide range of cellular functions, including structural supports, mitosis, cytokinesis, and vesicular transport, which are essential for the growth and division of eukaryotic cells. Finding properties of microtubules is one of the main concerns of scientists. This work helps to obtain mechanical properties of m...

Improvements to an existing method for calculating nonlinear force-free magnetic fields (Wheatland 2006, Solar Phys. 238, 29) are described. In particular a solution of the 3-D Poisson equation using 2-D Fourier transforms is presented. The improved nonlinear force-free method is demonstrated in application to linear force-free test cases with localized non-zero values of the normal component o...

Cell adhesion, which is mediated by the receptor-ligand bonds, plays an essential role in various biological processes. Previous studies often described the force-extension relationship of receptor-ligand bond with linear assumption. However, the force-extension relationship of the bond is intrinsically nonlinear, which should have significant influence on the mechanical behavior of cell adhesi...

A decoupling method based on radical basis function neural network (RBFNN) for a novel threedimensional force flexible tactile sensor is presented in this paper. A numerical model of the tactile sensor is built through finite element analysis, which simulates the mapping between three-dimensional force applied on top surface of the sensor and deformation of the sensor. Furthermore, the RBFNN is...

The equivalent force control method uses feedback control to replace a mathematical iteration required to solve the nonlinear equation of real-time hybrid test with an implicit integration method. The commonly used PID controller as a candidate of equivalent force control has only limited robustness for nonlinear systems. For the nonlinear specimen in a real-time hybrid test, the sliding mode c...