We investigate numerically a density functional theory (DFT) for strongly confined ionic solutions in the canonical ensemble by comparing predictions of ionic concentration profiles and pressure for the double-layer configuration to those obtained with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and the simpler Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) approach. The DFT consists of a bulk (ion-ion) and an ion-solid part. The bu...

All single-stage isobaric flash processes involving multicomponent homogeneous mixtures are shown to have unique two-phase solutions. No simplifications with regard to nonideal phase behavior are made. The main result for the isothermal, isobaric (TP) case is established with the aid of a different characterization of material stability, the Gibbs-Duhem equation, and the Cauchy interlace theore...

We investigate distinguishability (measured by the fidelity) of the initial and the final state of a qubit, which is an object of the so-called nonideal quantum measurement of the first kind. We show that the fidelity of a nonideal measurement can be greater than the fidelity of the corresponding ideal measurement. This result is somewhat counterintuitive, and can be traced back to the quantum ...

According to Popescu’s recent analysis [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 797 (1994)], nonideal measurements, rather than ideal ones, may be emore sensitive to reveal nonlocal correlations between distant parts of composite quantum systems. The outcome statistics of joint nonideal measurements on local states should by definition admit local hidden variable models. We prove that the density operator of a lo...

The driver energy in many dense plasma experiments is almost exclusively coupled into one species and, thus, a two-temperature plasma is created after a short relaxation. Beam particles or field ionization can also create a nonequilibrium charge state distribution. Although ionization kinetics and temperature equilibration usually occur on separated time scales (for solid density ≈ 100 fs and ≈...

This paper deals with mechanical systems subjected to a general class of non-ideal equality constraints. It provides the explicit equations of motion for such systems when subjected to such nonideal, holonomic and/or nonholonomic, constraints. It bases Lagrangian dynamics on a new and more general principle, of which D’Alembert’s principle then becomes a special case applicable only when the co...