corrosion of reinforcing steel and other embedded metals is the main cause of severe deterioration in reinforced concrete structures which subsequently imposes adverse effects on ultimate and serviceability limit state performance of the whole structure. in this paper, a new corrosion detection method for reinforced concrete beams, based on wavelet analysis is presented. to evaluate the capabil...

Abstract Introduction: Chronic heterogeneous stress may be better for evaluation of the effect of chronic stress situations on the nociceptive behaviour. The present study investigated the effects of chronic heterogeneous sequential stress on thermal-induced nociception and formalin induced pain behavior in rats. Methods: In the present study, adult rats (220-300 g) were used. Animals were ...

Patients affected by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) show a typical pattern of abnormalities on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). However, CPET is not routinely used as a screening method. We discuss a patient with hereditary PAH in whom CPET revealed onset of disease. Furthermore, we show that the abnormalities observed can improve in part by PAH-specific treatment.

AIMS To assess the construct validity of the incontinence severity index (ISI) by testing its correlation with two health-related quality of life measures, the short forms of the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7), in women with urodynamic stress incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort of 170 women with the urodynamic stress incontinen...

background physical and psychological factors affect one another in patients presenting with non-cardiac chest pain. studying the psychological components of these patients may improve their treatment process. objectives to compare depression, anxiety, and stress severity between mild and severe chest pain in patients with non-cardiac chest pain. patients and methods a cross-sectional design wa...

introduction: the formalin test is the most accepted chemical test for evaluation of nociception. it requires the injection of an adequate amount of formalin into the surface of the hindpaw. formalin test consists of phase 1 (0-7 min) and phase 2 (15-60) in which the animal shows painful behaviors. these phases are separated with a quiet phase named interphase, in which the nociceptive response...

Failure of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to habituate to repeated stress exposure is related with adverse health outcomes, but our knowledge of predictors of non-habituation is limited. Rumination, defined as repetitive and unwanted past-centered negative thinking, is related with exaggerated HPA axis stress responses and poor health outcomes. The aim of this study was to test w...

The present study examined the incidence of chronic stress in business executives (109 subjects: 75 male and 34 female) and its relationship with cortisol levels, cognitive performance, and autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity after an acute mental stressor. Blood samples were collected from the subjects to measure cortisol concentration. After the sample collection, the subjects completed...

Introduction Fetal movement started at the 7th weeks of pregnancy and by the end of pregnancy will gradually be perfect and harmonious. Near-term fetuses can discriminate acoustic features, such as frequencies and spectra, and process complex auditory streams. In this study, we aimed to evaluate fatal movement in response to music and vibration stimulation. Materials and Methods This study is a...