Despite significant improvements in early post-transplantation survival rates, long-term patient and graft survival have remained poor, due in large part to the vexing problem of chronic allograft rejection. Attempts to combat this problem with intensification of immunosuppression have led to concomitant increases in the rates of fatal malignancies and infections. In cardiac transplantation, ch...

Non-melanoma skin cancers are a common reality worldwide. The principal cause that determines the occurrence of these diseases is the exposition of the sun, which principally causes an alteration in the immune system. Therefore, it is possible that other forms of innate or acquired alterations of the immune system could favor the occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancers. For example, several stu...

Recurrent non-immune fetal hydrops (NIH) has been reported in the literature but it’s a very rare entity. It has been postulated to be related to a recessive gene. We report a case of recurrent non immune fetal hydrops in a multigravida with no medical history of note. She presented in her current pregnancy with a significant history of having 2(out of 3) previous pregnancies affected by hydrop...

tory embarrassment or collapse, which in clinical terms is represented most obviously by a reduction in the blood-pressure. There are a number of causes of that state, that is, it is not a definite clinical entity, it is only a train of symptoms, and it is essential for a reception officer to sort out the cases rather than merely to regard transfusion as efficacious for the treatment of every o...

Evolutionary debunking arguments (EDAs) are arguments that appeal to the evolutionary origins of evaluative beliefs to undermine their justification. This paper aims to clarify the premises and presuppositions of EDAs-a form of argument that is increasingly put to use in normative ethics. I argue that such arguments face serious obstacles. It is often overlooked, for example, that they presuppo...

Vitiligo is a depigmentation disorder that commonly found in the community. The causes of vitiligo are multifactorial such as genetic and environmental factors accompanied by presence non-specific specific immune system factors. Melanocytes main target exposed reactive oxygen species (ROS) during process melanogenesis. Such exposure can cause loss homeostasis cell death has implications for vit...

Dear Editor, Cigarette smoking has destructive effect on periodontal tissue. The rates of loss of periodontal attachment and recession of gingival are higher in smokers than non-smokers (1-2). Previous studies on the inflammatory immune responses in smokers’ periodontitis have mainly focused on the role of neutrophils. Tumor necrosis factor–α, prostaglandin E2 and matrix metalloproteinase...