34 This investigation aimed to explore the effects of inert sugar free drinks described as 35 either ‘performance enhancing’ (placebo) or ‘fatigue inducing’ (nocebo) on peak 36 minute power (PMP;W) during incremental arm crank ergometry (ACE). Twelve 37 healthy, non specifically trained individuals volunteered to take part. A single blind 38 randomized controlled trial with repeated measures wa...

While the placebo effect has been studied for a long time, much less is known about its negative counterpart, named the nocebo effect. However, it may be of particular importance because of its impact on the treatment outcomes and public health. We conducted a review on the nocebo effect using PubMed and other databases up to July 2014. The nocebo effect refers by definition to the induction or...

Knowledge of placebo and nocebo effects is essential to identify their influence on the results in clinical practice and clinical trials, and thereby properly interpret their results. It is known that the gold standard of clinical trials research is the double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical study. The objective of this review is to distinguish specific from non-specific effects,...

Laboratory research recently has greatly enhanced the understanding of placebo and nocebo effects by identifying specific neuromodulators and brain areas associated with them. However, little progress has been made in translating this knowledge into improved patient care. Here, we discuss the limitations in our knowledge about placebo (and nocebo) effects and the need for translational research...

Összefoglaló. A belső szervek működési zavarai gyakran származnak viselkedési, lelki vagy pszichoszociális okokból, amelyeknek nem mindig vagyunk tudatában. Minthogy ebben a folyamatban egy bonyolult neuronális hálózat játssza fő szerepet, ezeknek zavaroknak diagnózisa és terápiája számos tényező manipulálását igényli. funkcionális gyomor-bélhuzam rendellenességek (FGID), például az irritábilis...

Conditioning procedures are used in many placebo studies because evidence suggests that conditioning-related placebo responses are usually more robust than those induced by verbal suggestions alone. However, it has not been shown whether there is a causal relation between the number of conditioning trials and the resistance to extinction of placebo and nocebo responses. Here we test the effects...

The dominant theories of human placebo effects rely on a notion that consciously perceptible cues, such as verbal information or distinct stimuli in classical conditioning, provide signals that activate placebo effects. However, growing evidence suggest that behavior can be triggered by stimuli presented outside of conscious awareness. Here, we performed two experiments in which the responses t...

BACKGROUND Nocebo effect is the occurrence of troublesome symptoms after the administration of inert substances. It can be easily studied during blind oral challenges for drug reactions, which always involve the administration ofa placebo. METHODS We collected data about nocebo effect in outpatients undergoing oral drug challenge. Patients with previous documented adverse reactions to drugs u...

Herbal medicines are often perceived by the general public as a “soft” alternative to Western Medicine, but the use of these substances can be risky since they can induce nocebo effect [1]. In 1961 Walter Kennedy chosen the term nocebo (Latin for I will harm) as the counterpart of placebo [2]. This term was introduced a few years after Henry Beecher published his paper on the placebo effect [3]...

1 Oftedal G, Wilen J, Sandstrom M, Mild KH. Symptoms experienced in connection with mobile phone use.Occup Med 2000;50:237-45. 2 Hyland GJ. Physics and biology of mobile telephony. Lancet 2000;356:1833-6. 3 Koivisto M,Haarala C, Krause CM,Revonsuo A, Laine M,Hamalainen H. GSM phone signal does not produce subjective symptoms. Bioelectromagnetics 2001;22:212-5. 4 Hocking B. Preliminary report: s...