A recent interesting paper ~Cooper, Niu, and Srinivasan @2# ! shows how for some cyclic production systems reducing setup times can surprisingly increase work in process+ There the authors show how in these situations the introduction of forced idle time can be used to optimize system performance+ Here we show that introducing forced idle time at different points during the production cycle can...

In this paper, the problem of two-machine flow shop scheduling to minimize total energy costs under time-of-use tariffs is investigated. As the objective function of this study is not a regular measure, allowing intentional idle-time can be advantageous. So this study considers two approaches, one for non-delay version of the problem and the other one for a situation when inserting intentional ...

Although both media commentary and academic research have focused much attention on the dilemma of employees being too busy, this paper presents evidence of the opposite phenomenon, in which employees do not have enough work to fill their time and are left with hours of meaningless idle time each week. We conducted six studies that examine the prevalence and work pacing consequences of involunt...

Processing and transmission of idle-time network traffic ideally only occurs when resources would have been idle in its absence. Proposed extensions to the Internet service model are similar to idle-time networking, but focus on network support. This paper investigates end-system extensions needed under such a service model. It introduces a simple model with two preempting prioritized traffic c...

During an off-peak hour of a day, a Mobile Terminal (MT) can stay in idle mode for long time as there is no incoming or outgoing packet. An idle MT can move from one location to another and the wireless access network keeps tracking the idle MT. Idle MTs need to assist the wireless access network for location update; so that, on call arrival the network can route the call successfully. Mean whi...