The NIPS 2008 workshop on causality provided a forum for researchers from different horizons to share their view on causal modeling and address the difficult question of assessing causal models. There has been a vivid debate on properly separating the notion of causality from particular models such as graphical models, which have been dominating the field in the past few years. Part of the work...

We present a method of finding and analyzing shifts in grammatical relations found in diachronic corpora. Inspired by the econometric technique of measuring return and volatility instead of relative frequencies, we propose them as a way to better characterize changes in grammatical patterns like nominalization, modification and comparison. To exemplify the use of these techniques, we examine a ...

Humans are extremely adept at learning new skills by imitating the actions of others. A progression of imitative abilities has been observed in children, ranging from imitation of simple body movements to goalbased imitation based on inferring intent. In this paper, we show that the problem of goal-based imitation can be formulated as one of inferring goals and selecting actions using a learned...

Abstract Band-edge excitons of few-layer nickel phosphorous trisulfide (NiPS 3 ) are characterized via micro-thermal-modulated reflectance (μTR) measurements from 10 to 300 K. Prominent μTR features the A exciton series and B simultaneously detected near band edge NiPS . The contains two sharp 1 2 levels one threshold-energy-related transition (direct gap, E ∞ ), which at lower energy side In a...

Background. Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) is revolutionizing prenatal screening as a result of its increased sensitivity, specificity. NIPS analyzes cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) circulating in maternal plasma to detect fetal chromosome abnormalities. However, cffDNA originates from apoptotic placental trophoblast; therefore cffDNA is not always representative of the fetus. Although the ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the annual trend for several neurosurgical and neurointerventional procedures (NIPs) in Korea between 2010 and 2016 by using medical claim data. MATERIALS AND METHODS All data during the recent 7 years were collected from Bigdata Hub provided by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA). Using several codes for medical practice, ...

OBJECTIVE To study the physiological and behavioral response to pain. METHODS 80 healthy neonates requiring bilirubin estimation, blood sugar etc, were randomly assigned to receive a venous puncture. All parameters were recorded 10 minutes prior, during and 10 minutes after the procedure. Evaluated NIPS score and RR. HR, NIBP and O2 saturation observed on Datex-Ohmeda multimonitor. RESULTS ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of treating the pain among newborn infants associated with a medical procedure with sucrose with regard to overall physiological and behavioral stability. METHODS 103 newborn infants were enrolled in this study. The control group (n=63) did not receive any treatment. The experimental group (n=40) received 2 mL of 24% sucrose solution ...