Nipple discharge is a common symptom women complain of. It is classified as normal or abnormal depending on features such as laterality, cycle variation, quantity, color or presentation (induced vs spontaneous). It can be related to benign conditions such as intraductal papilloma, duct ectasia, plasma cell mastitis, galactorrhea or malignant such as ductal or papillary carcinoma. Techniques use...

To cite: Patel RV, Govani D, Patel R, et al. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2014204215 DESCRIPTION A 16-year-old girl presented with a history of tender, subcutaneous mass lesion in the right axilla with a nipple-like projection in the centre of it since birth. She had menarche at the age of 13 years and since then has this axillary mass lesion wh...

The interaction of streamers in nitrogen-oxygen mixtures such as air is studied. First, an efficient method for fully three-dimensional streamer simulations in multiprocessor machines is introduced. With its help, we find two competing mechanisms how two adjacent streamers can interact: through electrostatic repulsion and through attraction due to nonlocal photoionization. The nonintuitive effe...

Mammary duct ectasia is a rare disease in children and often presents as a cystic mass with bloody nipple discharge. The pathophysiology of mammary duct ectasia is unclear, and the differential diagnosis of other cystic masses with hemorrhage, such as complicated lymphangioma, is necessary. Here, we report a 14-month-old boy who exhibited unilateral mammary duct ectasia with bloody nipple disch...

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as an important component of complementary and alternative medicine, has become well known for its significant role in preventing and treating breast lesion with nipple discharge (ND). In the present study, the ND and serum biomarkers level of cancer antigen 153 (CA153) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured and compared with the express of Hypoxia ...

In order to evaluate the feasibility of installing decentralised installations for wastewater reuse in cities, information about flows at specific spots of a sewer is needed. However, measuring intermittent flows in partially filled conduits is a technical task which is sometimes difficult to accomplish. This paper describes a method to model intermittent discharges in small sewers by linking a...

The main objective of this study is to illustrate the role of ductography in the management of nipple discharge. Thirty-six patients had ductography for the investigation of blood-stained or serous nipple discharge. The ductogram findings were reviewed. Ductography showed an intraductal lesion in 13 patients, duct ectasia in 16 and normal ducts in 7. Fourteen patients had surgery. Eight had pre...

A study of the literature of the past four decades reveals a wide divergence of views on the significance and management of bleeding from the nipple. At one extreme we find the opinion of Bloodgood (1922) that' discharge from the nipple, like pain, is not an indication of a lesion of the breast for which operation is indicated,' and that 'the prevailing view that a woman with a discharge from t...

A study of the literature of the past four decades reveals a wide divergence of views on the significance and management of bleeding from the nipple. At one extreme we find the opinion of Bloodgood (1922) that' discharge from the nipple, like pain, is not an indication of a lesion of the breast for which operation is indicated,' and that 'the prevailing view that a woman with a discharge from t...