The concentration of acetylcholine (ACh) in the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) remains impossible to quantify using direct measurements based upon spatio-temporal resolution. We present a model of the concentration of ACh in the synaptic cleft. Our model considers the release mechanism and the clearance process, represented by the hydrolysis of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) an...

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most common disorder of neuromuscular junction in which autoantibodies develop against nicotinic acetylcholine receptor for unknown reasons. The association of immunomodulator genes with different autoimmune disease has been studied in recent years. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate correlation between a genetic variation in Stromal Ce...

BACKGROUND Curaremimetic nondepolarizing muscle relaxants are widely used in clinical practice to prevent muscle contraction either during surgery or during intensive care. Although primarily acting at the neuromuscular junction, these compounds can cause adverse effects, including modification of cardiac rhythm, arterial blood pressure, and in the worst cases, triggering of seizures. In this s...

Steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), such as rocuronium, are widely used in clinical anesthesia and emergency medicine to facilitate endotracheal intubation and artificial ventilation and to allow surgical access to body cavities. Reversal of neuromuscular blockade is important for the acceleration of patient recovery and prevention of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade a...

Sugammadex is the first selective relaxant binding agent. It allows rapid reversal of any degree of neuromuscular blockade induced by steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents. Sugammadex acts by encapsulation of the neuromuscular blocking agent. This prevents the drug from acting on prejunctional and postjunctional nicotinic receptors, allowing acetylcholine to activate these receptors, and resu...

The portion of the muscle fibre's basal lamina that occupies the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction contains molecules that cause the aggregation of acetylcholine receptors and acetylcholinesterase on regenerating muscle fibres. Agrin, which is extracted from basal lamina-containing fractions of the Torpedo electric organ and causes the formation of acetylcholine receptor and acetylch...

Current treatment of organophosphorus poisoning, resulting in overstimulation and desensitization of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors by acetylcholine (ACh), consists of the administration of atropine and oxime reactivators. However, no versatile oxime reactivator has been developed yet and some mortality still remains after application of standard atropine treatment, probably due to its lack...

Neuromuscular blockade plays an important role in the safe management of patient airways, surgical field improvement, and respiratory care. Rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia is indispensable to emergency surgery and obstetric anesthesia, and its purpose is to obtain a stable airway, adequate depth of anesthesia, and appropriate respiration within a short period of time without causing irri...

http://ccn.aacnjournals.org to continue traveling through the muscle fibers and create a muscle contraction. Once each receptor has been activated, the acetylcholine is released and inactivated by acetylcholinesterase. Nondepolarizing NMBAs also bind temporarily to nicotinic receptors, blocking binding of acetylcholine there. Once 70% of the nicotinic receptors are filled by NMBAs, the receptor...