The state of knowledge and outstanding challenges and opportunities in global water cycle observations, research and modeling are briefly reviewed to set the stage for the reasons behind the new thrusts promoted by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) as Grand Challenges to be addressed on a 5to 10-year time frame. Those focused on water are led by the GEWEX (Global Energy and Water Exch...

Drinking water contamination by fluoride is recognized as a major public health problem in many parts of the world. In fact, although fluoride is an essential trace element for animals and humans, excessive fluoride intake may cause adverse health effects. In this study we investigated the potential of a natural, high alumina content, bauxite for the removal of fluoride from contaminated water....

The access of Virtual Organizations to raw materials normally requires external resources. In many cases, the market for raw materials is regulated and the VO principles of trust, customer orientation etc. are not applicable. In consequence, the VO needs to provide reliable solutions for the customer while being dependent on the access to the required raw materials. The objective of the propose...

Introduction The extraction of alumina from bauxite by the Bayer process produces a slurry by-product referred to as ‘bauxite residue’ or ‘red mud’. The liquid component of the slurry is highly alkaline and requires neutralisation to render it environmentally benign. A common practice is neutralisation using Mg rich seawater, which results in the formation of the layered double hydroxide (LDH) ...

the mandan and deh-now bauxite deposits are located 40 km northeast of dehdasht in kohgiloye and boyer-ahmad province in the zagros simply folded belt. the deposits were formed in the oldest rocks of the area of late cretaceous age. the bauxite horizon is situated between sarvak and ilam formations. the aim of this study is to determine the mineralogy and texture relations of the deposits in or...