Purpose: Historically the classification of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) has been based on symptoms rather than underlying pathology. Therefore, TOS classified into Neurogenic (NTOS), Venous (VTOS or Paget Schroetter Syndrome) and Arterial (ATOS) subgroups. This resulted in confusion among medical practitioners, difficulty making diagnosis, poor results with surgical intervention. Methods: Th...

"Thoracic outlet syndrome" is a term ascribed to a complex clinical entity encompassing complicated neurovascular signs, symptoms and pathology of the upper extremity. Controversies exist concerning its causes, diagnosis, and treatment despite years of intense study of hundreds of patients. Although there is no universal agreement on the diagnostic and treatment modalities to be applied to each...

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a significant source of lower extremity pain and morbidity in the athletic population. Although endoscopic techniques have been introduced, open fasciotomy remains the mainstay of surgical treatment because of the paucity of evidence in support of an endoscopic approach. The literature on surgical management of CECS is mixed, and overall success...

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a common pain syndrome and is characterized by recurrent episodes of intense lancinating pain in one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve. Neurovascular compression (NVC) has been considered as the main cause of TN in the root entry zone (REZ) of the trigeminal nerve in the cerebellopontine angle cistern. Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the surgical proced...

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a constellation of signs and symptoms caused by compression of the neurovascular structures in the thoracic outlet. TOS may be classified as either neurogenic TOS (NTOS) or vascular TOS: venous TOS (VTOS) or arterial TOS (ATOS), depending on the specific structure being affected. The basis for the surgical treatment of TOS is resection of the first rib, and it ...

We report a case of compartment syndrome complicating malignant hyperthermia (MH) in a 12-yr-old girl with a history of myopathy and multiple skeletal deformities; she underwent bilateral Achilles tendon surgery. Marked oedema of both forearms became evident in the immediate postoperative period and resolved after conservative treatment. Compartment syndrome is a rare complication of MH. Early ...

Anomalous muscles in carpal tunnel (CT) may cause carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and may be also associated with neurovascular abnormalities, altering the diagnosis and surgical interventions for CTS. The authors report a case of bilateral Gantzer’s muscles (GMs) inserted into the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus within the CTs in an old male cadaver. The left GM was associated with enlarge...

The Latarjet procedure is an established and effective option for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Symptomatic compression of the vasculature around the shoulder and adjacent brachial plexus is uncommon and may be difficult to diagnose and treat. The purpose of this report is to describe a patient with neurovascular compression of the axillary artery and brachial plexus...

.................................................................................................... iii List of tables ........................................................................................... viii List of figures............................................................................................ ix Chapter 1: Introduction.................................................