Vitiligo is a cutaneous disorder of depigmentation, clinically characterized by well-demarcated, white macules of varying size and distribution. It can affect up to 2 percent of the population, especially younger ages. In spite of recent findings implicating genetic, immune and oxidative stress factors, the exact pathogenesis of vitiligo remains obscure. Here, we briefly...

In mammals many behaviours (e.g. sleep-wake, feeding) as well as physiological (e.g. body temperature, blood pressure) and endocrine (e.g. plasma corticosterone concentration) events display a 24 h rhythmicity. These 24 h rhythms are induced by a timing system that is composed of central and peripheral clocks. The highly co-ordinated output of the hypothalamic biological clock not only controls...

Based on the year 2000 World Health Organization (WHO) classification and the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) grading and staging proposals, we here define the minimal guidelines for pathology reporting of (neuro)endocrine neoplasms. The macroscopical description is recommended according to standard procedures and the microscopical description according to recognized architectural...

More than ten years ago a comprehensive model of the skin acting as neuro-endocrine organ has been proposed.1 Although the concept is still evolving,1-7 it relies on the skin capacity to communicate with the central system and to regulate global homeostasis through local production and/or systemic release of classical hormones, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and biological regulators (Fig. 1)...

Background: The aim of this study was to review and characterize the pattern of CNS lesions in patients suffering from AIDS and to correlate these patterns with clinical disorders. Method: The MR scan, medical records and laboratory findings of 58 AIDS patients were reviewed retrospectively during April 1994 to November 1997 at the Olive view/UCLA and Shiraz Medical Centers, and the patterns o...

As a nonspecific physical stimulation, the effect of acupuncture on diseases is produced by motivating the inherent regulatory system in the body, having the characteristics of whole regulation, dual directional regulation, etc. Modern scientific researches show that body's inherent regulatory system is neuro-endocrine-immune (NEI) network. Hence, we speculate that the regulatory effect of acup...

linated nerve fibers and Schwann cells is found near blood capillaries in the lamina propria of the proventricular mucosa of the finch. At least two types of endocrine cells (type I and II) are present mainly in the lamina propria mucosae where they form a neuro-endocrine complex, but some cells of both types are also seen in the basal part of the epithelial layer like mammalian basal-granulate...

Current studies try to demonstrate a tight correlation between the endocrine and the neuropsychiatric physiopathology by a total different approach of the common pathology supporting an essential link between the neuro-hormonal mechanisms triggering the disorders from the depressive sphere and those from the scope of the crude hypothyroidism and of the serious forms. The medicines interaction b...