objective: currently, cellular transplantation for spinal cord injuries (sci) is the subject of numerous preclinical studies. among the many cell types in the adult brain, there is a unique subpopulation of neural stem cells (nsc) that can self-renew and differentiate into neurons. the study aims, therefore, to explore the efficacy of adult monkey nsc (mnsc) in a primate sci model. materials an...

Using stem cells (SC) in new strategies for clinical treatment requires control of stem cell fate decision and the ability to govern their patterning and commitment in tissue engineering. Neural stem cells and other adult SC can respond to the different components of the microenvironment and their spatial arrangement in the stem cell niche. It has been shown previously by our group that differe...

Stem cell fate decisions are controlled by a molecular network in which transcription factors and miRNAs are of key importance. To systemically investigate their impact on neural stem cell (NSC) maintenance and neuronal commitment, we performed a high-throughput mRNA and miRNA profiling and isolated functional interaction networks of involved mechanisms. Thereby, we identified an E2F1-miRNA fee...

We investigated whether adipose-derived adult stromal (ADAS) are of neural crest origin and the extent to which Notch 1 regulates their growth and differentiation. Mouse ADAS cells cultured in media formulated for neural stem cells (NSC) displayed limited capacity for self-renewal, clonogenicity, and neurosphere formation compared to NSC from the subventricular zone in the hippocampus. Although...

background: retinoic acid as one of the most important regulators for cell differentiation was examined in this study for differentiation of human umbilical mesenchymal cells (hucm). methods: after isolation, hucm were evaluated for mesenchymal stem cell properties by flow cytometry and alkaline phosphatase assay. also, doubling time of the cells and their differentiation potential into adipoge...

there are two main methods for preparing the puramatrix (pm) as a three-dimensional (3-d) scaffold for supporting the cells including surface plating and encapsulation. in the surface-plating procedure, the scaffold is created by adding an ionic agent such as medium to pm. after adjusting the ph by changing the medium, cells are seeded on top of the scaffold. in the encapsulation method, pm and...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is defined as an external mechanical injury to the brain. neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of tbi. microglia and astrocytes play a central role in the initiation and regulation of inflammation. numerous pro-inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species (ros) and nitric oxide (no) released by microglia. in ...

Stem cells are the "building blocks" of the body; they are self-renewing undifferentiated cells that give rise to the specialized cells of the tissues. In adult, stem cells are multipotent, they contribute to homeostasis of the tissues and regeneration after injury. Until recently, it was believed that the adult brain was devoid of stem cells, hence unable to make new neurons and regenerate. Th...

Neural stem cells (NSCs) can self-renew and give rise to neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. NSCs are found in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammalian organisms, and represent a promising resource for both fundamental research and CNS repair. Animal models of CNS damage have highlighted the potential benefit of NSC-based approaches. Here we review the progress in the field of NSC bi...

The excessive electrical activity of neurons is reported in many diseases including: Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Epilepsy. Electrical overactivity in hippocampus accelerates the depletion of neural stem cell (NSC) and impairs the neurogenesis in hippocampus. It is believed that neurogenesis in hippocampus improves the cognitive functions. In this experiment, we use kindled mod...