Membrane-based technologies have increasingly been chosen in desalination processes, which is evidenced by the increase of large-scale plants constructed in recent years. Indeed, several appropriate strategies should be considered to minimize problems faced during the construction, such as membrane system designs, area requirement, energy requirement, operation and maintenance, and environmenta...

A scale-up study has been performed with three different size reactors to establish the optimum operating conditions for the hydrogen production from synthesis gas by biological water-gas shift reaction using the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodosprilliunt rubrum. Optimum medium composition and operating conditions previously determined in a bench scale 1.25 L continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR...

Background: Despite the implementation of harm reduction program, some injecting drug users (IDU) continue to engage in high-risk behaviors. It seems that there are some social factors that contribute to risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in IDUs. The aim of this study was to analysis the social network of IDUs and examines the effect of network location on HIV transmission...

the available experiments and reports of executed projects in iranian research centers and universities show that the ability of know-how development of chemical and petrochemical synthesis as well as their required catalyst is existed in laboratory scale. although, know-how development in larger scale is possible, too but no certain scientific and classified method has been explained which is ...

This study describes how scale-up in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) can be simply predicted on a process scale CCC device by running a preliminary analytical-sized sample and having knowledge of the stationary-phase retention at scale-up conditions. Results have shown that simple experimentation can lead within a day to a process with the capability of several kilograms per day (tons per y...

In this study, we examined a scale-up to production of nickel perovskite catalyst, used in the conversion of natural gas to synt...