In a previous International Journal of Production Economics article, a comparative model was presented for inventory costs of purchasing under economic order quantity (EOQ) with quantity discounts and a just-in-time (JIT) order purchasing system. This paper expands the comparative model to include a relevant cost component not considered in the previous article. The results of the revised model...

Cost-effectiveness of leucodepleted erythrocytes (LD) over buffy-coat-depleted packed cells (PC) is estimated from the primary dataset of a recently reported randomized clinical trial involving valve surgery (+/-CABG) patients. Data on the patient level of 474 adult patients who were randomized double-blind to LD or PC were used in order to calculate the healthcare costs and longevity per patie...

BACKGROUND Folic acid intake before and during pregnancy reduces neural tube defects (NTD). Therefore, several countries have enriched bulk food with folic acid resulting in a 26-48% decrease in the prevalence of NTDs. In 2000, the Dutch Health Council advised against folic acid enrichment based on literature research; yet formal cost-effectiveness information was absent. We designed our study ...

this study aims to deal with a more realistic combined problem of project scheduling and material ordering. the goal is to minimize the total material holding and ordering costs by determining the starting time of activities along with material ordering schedules subject to some constraints. the problem is first mathematically modelled. then a hybrid simulated annealing and genetic algorithm is...

INTRODUCTION Excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk of many diseases and injuries, and the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study estimated that 6% of the burden of disease in Denmark is due to alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption thus places a considerable economic burden on society. METHODS We analysed the cost-effectiveness of six interventions aimed at preventing alcohol abuse ...

We consider a continuous-review inventory system in which the setup cost of each order is a general function of the order quantity and the demand process is modeled as a Brownian motion with a positive drift. Assuming the holding and shortage cost to be a convex function of the inventory level, we obtain the optimal ordering policy that minimizes the long-run average cost by a lower bound appro...

OBJECTIVE To calculate the national costs of reducing perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus through counseling and voluntary testing of pregnant women and zidovudine treatment of infected women and their infants, as recommended by the Public Health Service, and to compare these costs with the savings from reducing the number of pediatric infections. METHOD The authors analyze...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the costs and clinical benefits of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) administered annually to the 65-year-old cohort in Spain versus the alternative of not vaccinating patients and treating them only when infected. METHODS Cases of pneumococcal disease avoided were calculated through a dynamic model based on the work of Anderson and May...

We study a two-level inventory system that is subject to failures and repairs. The objective is to minimize the expected total cost so as to determine the production plan for a single quantity demand. The expected total cost consists of the inventory carrying costs for finished and unfinished items, the backlog cost for not meeting the demand due-date, and the planning costs associated with the...

Policies that would create net benefits for society that contain salient costs frequently lack enough support for enactment because losses loom larger than gains. To address this consequence of loss aversion, we propose a policy-bundling technique in which related bills involving both losses and gains are combined to offset separate bills’ costs while preserving their net benefits. We argue thi...