Case 3. He was born in April 1964 after a normal 40 weeks' gestation and spontaneous delivery. When 4 months old it was noticed that growth and development were retarded, and that chest deformities and contractures of the lower extrenities were appearing. The clinical picture was identical to that of Case 2 (see Table and Fig. 2). At 4j years he was admitted to hospital with pneumonia; at that ...

http://www.sajhivmed.org.za doi:10.4102/sajhivmed.v16i1.361 Rationale for initiating combination antiretroviral therapy during the neonatal period Initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) at 6–9 weeks of age has been shown to reduce early infant mortality by 76% and HIV progression by 75% compared with cART deferred until clinical or CD4 criteria were met.1 In the landmark Childr...

Feeding difficulties (FD) are a major issue in neonatology, as they could hamper the assessment of an adequate enteral nutrition, delay hospital discharge and lead to breastfeeding failure. Functional and anatomical maturation of the gastrointestinal tract is strictly related to gestational age (GA); hence, premature infants are more prone to develop FD. Feeding intolerance (FI) is very common ...

Intracerebral haemorrhage is rare in childhood. We have reviewed the last 10 years' experience, in our referral area, of parenchymatous intracerebral haemorrhage in children from 1 month to 16 years of age. There were 27 cases, five of which were intracerebellar and two predominantly intraventricular. The commonest aetiology was vascular malformation (10), followed by haemorrhage into tumour (f...

Between 1956 and 1962, 238 newborn infants underwent laparotomy for intestinal obstruction at the Surgical Department of the Children's Hospital in Munich. This paper is concerned with 24 cases where a second operation was necessary because of persistence or recurrence of intestinal obstruction. Table 1 shows the initial pathology and the findings when the abdomen was reopened. The commonest ca...

Strangulation of a diaphragmatic hernia was first described by Pare in 1575. It is a rare complication of this type of hernia; Hoffman, Levy, Sole, and Lewitan (1954) could only find 76 cases in the literature and added a case of their own. Most of the earlier instances of strangulation occurred in herniae of traumatic origin, but in recent years there has been a higher proportion in congenital...

One hundred and seventy two healthy term (T) appropriate-for-dates (AFD) singleton neonates were prospectively studied from birth until 28 days of age for changes in weight, occipitofrontal circumference (OFC), chest circumference (CC), midarm circumference (MAC), thigh circumference (TC) and crownheel length (CHL). Male babies had statistically significant (p < 0.05) higher values than females...

INTRODUCTION Acute kidney failure (AKF) is a common clinical problem in neonatal intensive care units and is usually associated with a contributing condition such as sepsis, asphyxia, and heart failure. The aim of this study was to determine the types, frequency of associated contributing conditions, and short-term outcome of neonatal AKF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of neonates wit...

CME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: 1.Review common endocrine conditions that often present in the newborn and perinatal period.2.Determine the enzymes involved in steroidogenesis.3.Discuss the diagnostic evaluation of hypoglycemia. Many endocrine conditions are unique to the perinatal period. In this article, we review many such conditions, including disorders of the pituitary gland, disorders of sexu...

OBJECTIVE To assess the value of the second neonatal examination as a medical surveillance procedure. DESIGN Prospective survey of routine neonatal examinations and the abnormalities identified during 8 March-30 June 1988. SETTING Maternity unit with an annual birth rate of 5700. SUBJECTS For first neonatal examination: 1795 babies born in the unit during the 115 day observation period. F...