Epidemiological studies suggest that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common in developed countries and rare in countries where intestinal nematode infections are common. T cells are critical in many immune responses, including those associated with IBD and nematode infection. Among the distinct T helper (Th) cell subsets, Th1-type immune response is predominantly associated with Crohn's dis...

Parasitic enteric nematodes induce a type 2 immune response characterized by increased production of Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, and recruitment of alternatively activated macrophages (M2) to the site of infection. Nematode infection is associated with changes in epithelial permeability and inhibition of sodium-linked glucose absorption, but the role of M2 in these effects is unknown. Clodro...

Entomopathogenic nematode in vivo production depends on a high level of successful infection during the inoculation process. Some host–nematode combinations do not provide suYcient or consistent infection levels and are, therefore, not suitable for in vivo production. Our objective was to determine whether infection levels could be improved through host or nematode exposure to physical and chem...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Hyperplasia of mucin-secreting intestinal goblet cells accompanies a number of enteric infections, including infections by nematode parasites. Nevertheless, the precise role of mucins in host defense in nematode infection is not known. We investigated the role of the mucin (Muc2) in worm expulsion and host immunity in a model of nematode infection. METHODS Resistant (BALB/c,...

A severe root rot of tomato caused by Meloidogyne incognita and Rhizoctonia solani was associated with nutrient mobilization into gall tissue and root exudation. Root decay did not develop when root exudates were continuously removed by leaching. When leachates were collected from M. incognita-infected and control roots and applied to roots of tomatoes inoculated with R. solani alone, roots rec...

one-year-old seedlings of olive cultivars, zard, roghani, koroneiki and manzanilla, were transplanted to different sets of pots each pot containing 2000g of sterilized sandy loam soil. the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design of 32 treatments, each in five replications. treatments were comprised of: control, mere nematode, mere fungus, and fungus+nematode. pots were inocul...

nematicide, D-D(1,2-dichloropropane1,3dichloropropene), resulted in the greatest flowering with the controls giving the lowest (Table 2). The less effective nematicide, ethoprop (O-ethyl S,S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate), had an intermediate effect on flowering. In these tests, flowering was positively correlated with yield and negatively related to soil nematode populations and root-gall indice...