ost people consider unaccounted-for water and leakage to be the same thing. They are not. Leakage is a part, and sometimes a large part, of unaccounted-for water, but it is just one piece of the puzzle. Unaccounted-for water is the difference between the amount of water produced, or purchased, and the amount of water sold to all customers. Unaccounted-for water includes underground leakage; una...

extended abstract introduction water resources management in arid and semi-arid areas is very important to provide of water for stakeholders. in recent decades, construction of underground dams have been considered, because of its advantages. these dams have many advantages, e.g., unlike a surface dam, land is not submerged to store water and there is no danger of breaching due to natural or ma...

Dehydration with aging is attributed to decreased urine concentrating ability and thirst. We further investigated by comparing urine concentration and water balance in 3, 18 and 27 month old mice, consuming equal amounts of water. During water restriction, 3 month old mice concentrate their urine sufficiently to maintain water balance (stable weight). 18 month old mice concentrate their urine a...

introduction the special regional and geographical characteristics of iran, the flowof streams with mediterranean regime, topographic status, and diversity of relieves have provided an extensive areafor the penetration of water into the ground. all of these factors together with the shortage of ground water reservoirs have enhanced the significance of ground water in iran. since the volume of g...

Due to its unique sensitivity to hydrogen protons, magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) is the only geophysical method that directly detects water and can provide nondestructive information on subsurface aquifer properties. The relationship between the surface MRS signal and the location and characteristics of aquifers using large-coil (typically 50-150 m) sensors has been discussed based on forwa...