high. Only distal muscular responses would be accepted. We would be interested to know more about patient acceptance of the procedure, as penetration of the pectoral muscle with a thin needle is sometimes painful. What about a large 17 or 18G Tuohy needle? Although sophisticated methods may be helpful in some circumstances, we believe no device will ever replace good training in the ®eld of per...

Introduction The skin barrier function is a major challenge for delivery of drugs via the skin. Located in the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC) consists of dead cells embedded in lipid regions, only 10–20 µm thick, tough but flexible and elastic. Hypodermic needles penetrate the skin succesfully, but nerve rich tissue in the lower skin is penetrated which is simply painfull...

A surgical needle will generally not penetrate an endotracheal tube (ETT) and intraoperative ETT cuff perforation is uncommon because the cuff, which is the weakest part of the tube, is placed in the subglottic trachea. We report a very rare case, in which an intraoperative airway air leak during maxillary advancement surgery was postoperatively confirmed to be due to ETT cuff deflation because...

Abstract The needle penetration index (NPI) test is a non-destructive that applicable both in the field and laboratory, does not require any special sample preparation. This has been used for estimation of physico-mechanical properties soft rocks. In this study, influence clay content on relation between uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) NPI investigated some clay-bearing tests were carried o...

sewing is one of the most commonly used manufacturing processes in the world. in the textile industry, development of sewing machines with optimal mechanical performance is very important. obviously, the quality of sewing, the increase of the needle transmission force and the optimal mechanical advantage are greatly dependent on the design criteria of the needle driving mechanism. unfortunately...

An inexpensive device was created for computed tomographic (CT)-guided stereotactic biopsy of the canine brain. The accuracy of the device was tested using 16, formalin-perfused, canine head specimens. For each dog, a 6-inch biopsy needle was guided into pituitary gland and caudate nucleus targets. Needle tracks were measured using the CT computer and infused with tissue staining solution. Hit ...

10.1586/14750708.3.5.591 © 2 Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has recently emerged as an effective therapeutic option to control palmar hyperhidrosis. The main problem with this treatment is the intense pain felt by the patient during the penetration of the needle to inject BTX-A into the densely innervated skin of the palm. Injection of needle-free lidocaine, delivered through a needle-free devi...

The effects of needle bevel orientation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure on dural displacement and force required to penetrate cadaveric dura were studied using 40 samples. A constant hydrostatic pressure was applied to the subdural surface, either high or low, simulating the sitting and lateral positions. A 17-gauge Tuohy needle was advanced through the dura with the bevel oriented paral...

AIM The aim of this study was to determine the pressure where oral soft tissue resistance will be overcome resulting in soft tissue emphysema and to measure the safety of an antifouling device for a videoscope used during minimally invasive periodontal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Resistance was measured in vitro in porcine tissue. One study arm measured palatal tissue resistance to air app...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Real-time tomographic reflection is a novel technique that uses a geometrically fixed arrangement of a conventional ultrasound transducer, a transducer-incorporated monitor, and a half-silvered mirror. This device, dubbed the Sonic Flashlight, generates a virtual anatomically scaled image, obviating the need for a separate monitor. It may therefore facilitate invasive pro...