The main objectives of the study were: to investigate whether training on working memory (WM) could improve fluid intelligence, and to investigate the effects WM training had on neuroelectric (electroencephalography - EEG) and hemodynamic (near-infrared spectroscopy - NIRS) patterns of brain activity. In a parallel group experimental design, respondents of the working memory group after 30 h of...

BACKGROUND Working memory (WM) is a key function for various cognitive processes. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a powerful technique for noninvasive functional imaging. However, a study has yet to be published on the application of NIRS for evaluating WM performance. The objective was to evaluate NIRS for measuring WM performance. METHODS Subjects were trained to perform a visuospatial...

In a previous study, we succeeded in improving the spatial working memory (WM) performance in healthy young persons by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the parietal cortex and simultaneously measuring the oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) level using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Since an improvement in WM was observed when TMS was applied to the right parietal cortex, the ...

Since 2003, when it was first declared operational, the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) has been increasing its availability through successive software updates (for example, new monitoring algorithms) and hardware updates (expanded reference receiver network). Today, WAAS provides vertical guidance to more than 3000 runways in the United States. With the current GPS constellation, WAAS ha...

Estimating midcourse threats and deriving optimal numbers of decoys produces an integrated picture of the trades between boost-phase attrition, midcourse defenses, and discrimination. Boost and midcourse interceptors can be effective, but are sensitive to light decoys. If discrimination is not available at the outset of deployment, enough interceptors must be purchased to meet both the RVs and ...