Herbicides pose a potential threat to aquatic ecosystems, especially to phototrophic organisms such as benthic diatoms. Benthic diatoms may be a valuable indicator of the toxic impacts of herbicides in aquatic systems. However, this requires information on the herbicide sensitivity of a wide range of freshwater benthic diatom taxa. Unfortunately this information is only available for a limited ...

The toxicity of 14 commercial natural dyes which are widely used as food additives in Japan was studied on Paramecium caudatum. Laccaic acid and capsanthin were found to be very toxic to Paramecium caudatum. Some of the commercially available carminic acid and crocin were also toxic. The inhibitory effect of natural food dyes on leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase and esterase in vitro was...

Symptoms consistent with inhalation toxicity have long been associated with Florida red tides, and various causal agents have been proposed. Research since 1981 has centered on a group of naturally occurring trans-fused cyclic polyether compounds called brevetoxins that are produced by a marine dinoflagellate known as Karenia brevis. Numerous individual brevetoxins have been identified from cul...

The current study examined the acute toxicity of lead (Pb) to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas in a variety of natural waters. The natural waters were selected to range in pertinent water chemistry parameters such as calcium, pH, total CO(2) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Acute toxicity was determined for C. dubia and P. promelas using standard 48h and 96h protocols, respectively...

Within our everyday life we are confronted with a variety of toxic substances. A number of these compounds are already used as lead structures for the development of new drugs, but the amount of toxic substances is still a rich resource of new bioactive compounds. During the identification and development of new potential drugs, risk estimation of health hazards is an essential and topical subj...

Cardiac disorders remain one of the most important causes of death in the world. Oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the molecular mechanisms involved in drug-induced cardiac toxicity. Recently, several natural products have been utilized in different studies with the aim to protect the progression of oxidative stress-induced cardiac disorders. There is a large body of evidence that a...

Abstract Background and Objective: Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) has a long history in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Clinical uses, side effects, and toxic effects of many singular and compounds were known to scientists of ITM and articular books on toxicology and detoxification of drugs has been written by scientists, but their measurement tools to evaluate chronic toxicity of...

background: although various surface disinfectants have been introduced, most of them are toxic. the use of natural antimicrobial agent e.g. phytol, extracted from leptadenia pyrotechnica is a new strategy. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, toxicity, and stability of phytol. methods: the serial concentrations of phytol were prepared, and separately incubated with...

The paper addresses problems arising from effects of natural environmental factors on toxicity of pollutants to organisms. Most studies on interactions between toxicants and natural factors, including those completed in the EU project NoMiracle (Novel Methods for Integrated Risk Assessment of Cumulative Stressors in Europe) described herein, showed that effects of toxic chemicals on organisms c...