natural gas is often associated with nitrogen and heavy compounds. the heavy components in the natural gas not only can feed downstream units, owing to the low temperature process may be formed solid as well. therefore, heavy components separation can be a necessity and produce useful products. virtually, all natural gases are containing nitrogen ​​that would lower the heating value of natural ...

The effects of methyl bromide (MB) concentration (16, 32, 48, or 64 g/m), fumigation temperature (15, 20, 25, or 30 C), and fumigation time interactions on the survival of Mediterranean fruit ßy,Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and oriental fruit ßy, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), eggs and Þrst and third instars were recorded. Increasing the fumigation temperature from 15 t...

In soil microbiology, there is a "paradox" of soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization, which is that even though chloroform fumigation destroys majority of the soil microbial biomass, SOC mineralization continues at the same rate as in the non-fumigated soil during the incubation period. Soil microeukaryotes as important SOC decomposers, however, their community-level responses to chloroform f...

For 1982 1992, records from the California Pesticide Illness Surveillance Program (PISP) showed 210 cases associated with exposure to phosphine gas and solid formulations of aluminum and zinc phosphide and 205 cases had sufficient information to retain in the data analysis. Of the cases with sufficient information, 179 (87.3%) cases involved isolated exposure to aluminum phosphide and 3 involve...

The postharvest control of arthropod pests is a challenge that the California citrus industry must overcome when exporting fruit overseas. Currently, methyl bromide fumigation is used to control postharvest pests on exported citrus, but it may soon be unavailable because of use restrictions and cost of this health-hazard ozone-depleting chemical. Ethyl formate is a natural plant volatile and po...

Biochar has sorption capacity, and can be used to enhance the sequestration of volatile organic contaminants such as pesticides in soil. Chloropicrin (CP) is an important soil fumigant for the production of many fruit and vegetable crops, but its emissions must be minimized to reduce exposure risks and air pollution. The objective of this study was to determine the capacity of biochar to adsorb...