Hurricane Katrina generated the largest losses of any natural disaster in the history of the United States. The hurricane hit Florida on August 25, 2005 and Louisiana on August 29. Despite having been downgraded from a Category 4 to a Category 3 hurricane, the storm inflicted unprecedented losses. This special issue of the Journal of Risk and Uncertainty deals with the implications of catastrop...

The Administrative Justice Court annulled the directive that was issued by the Iranian National Tax Administration. According to the directive, kindergarten, food, commuting, … subsidies are not exempt from the payroll tax. In this research, which is conducted with the descriptive-analytical approach, the exemption or the lack of exemption of the subsidies is studied with regard to the tax law....

The German health care reform of 1997 provides a natural experiment for evaluating the price sensitivity of demand for physicians' services. As a part of the reform, co-payments for prescription drugs were increased step up to 200%. However, certain groups of people were exempted from the increase, providing a natural control group against which the changed demand for physicians' services of th...

Some different techniques were adopted in disaster management and research. Difficulties appeared in operational disaster emergency response works. There is no effective scheme to integrate various methods to a system considering that big difference exist among different disaster happening environment. Considering OHE as the unification of objects having relationship with natural disaster, we p...

Disaster recovery planning for organizations is fundamental and often urgent. Planning supports the firm’s ability to recover the core business functionality of its software, data, and systems after the occurrence of a natural or man-made disaster. Organizations must take steps to protect their software, systems and data backups from natural disasters, power outages, and even terrorist attacks....

Studies of households have shown a poor perception of natural disaster risks and potential disaster severity, typically overreacting to a disaster event but underpreparing and underinsuring after periods of quiet. Many estimates of disaster response and their economic impacts haven’t taken these sub-optimal household perceptions into consideration. Here I build a model of a coastal community to...

background: disasters have adverse impacts on different aspects of human life. psychosocial rehabilitation is one of the fields which is usually overshadowed and ignored by physical rehabilitation or its importance does not receive proper attention. this research attempts to study some lessons learned from psychosocial rehabilitation based on disaster experiences in iran. materials and methods:...

The International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, a United Nations program for the 1990s, focused attention on the increasing losses caused by natural hazards and promoted actions to reduce their impacts. During this period in the United States, disaster managers and other officials increased emphasis on mitigation relative to response and recovery, especially in programs of the Federal ...