In propylene (C3) polymerization with Ziegler-Natta catalyst, not only internal donor but also external is very important to make isotactic polypropylene (PP) higher yield. Most propylene-based polymers have been commercially produced catalysts combined dialkyl-dialkoxy silane compounds (R2Si(OR)2) such as C-donor, P-donor, and D-donor donors. this paper, we will introduce the performance amino...

Several types of hybrid catalysts are made through mixing of 4th generation Ziegler-Natta (ZN) and (2-PhInd)2ZrCl2  metallocene catalysts using triethylaluminum (TEA) as coupling agent. Response surface methodology (RSM) is used to evaluate the interactive effects of different parameters including amounts of metallocene and TEA and temperature on metallocene loading. Analyzing the amounts of Al...

Syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene (sPBD) is an important industrial polymer with a wide variety of uses; however, there is only a very limited number of catalysts currently capable of producing this polymer with a high degree of syndiotacticity. Only one such catalyst has been structurally characterized, when in 1967 Natta et al. published a low-resolution crystal structure of the cobalt complex [...

SiO2/MgCl2 (ethoxide type)/TiCl4 Ziegler-Natta catalysts for use in ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization have been prepared using silica with a supported layer of magnesium ethoxide (Mg(OEt)2) as a catalyst precursor, followed by treating with TiCl4 at different Ti/Mg molar ratios, which showed significant effects on the active centers and pore structures of the cataly...

Polypropylene (PP) random copolymers are an important class of commercial materials that can be tuned for a wide range different applications. The structure–property relations mainly discussed in this article focusing on two major influencing factors, the catalyst system and type amount comonomer. Ziegler–Natta (ZN) systems still dominate production polypropylene todays sixth-generation ZN cata...

In present paper, dynamic behavior and control of a fluidized bed reactor for polyethylene production has been considered. A double active sites model for Ziegler-Natta catalysts is used for simulation of polymerization reaction. Hydrodynamic behavior of the bed is modeled using a two phase model including bubble and emulsion phases in which bubble phase has plug flow pattern with different...