The National Outlook Movement (Millî Görüş), a prominent Turkish-Islamist movement which previously held strong anti-Western views, moderated its views towards the West in 1990s. With an examination of Millî Görüş documents from 1973 to 1995, this study sheds light on dynamics shift view and argues that one aspect ‘tilt’ was geopolitical realities – mainly collapse USSR rise US hegemony. While ...

national identity, an ever-changing and multidimentional phenomenon, is the product of a continuous historical process which has always been influenced by environmental conditions. the study of the comprising elements of national identity is the objective of another project of recognizing nations. national identity of iranians is rooted in two sets of beliefs: zoroastrianism, the ancient native...

The article studies the rise of Sunni Awakening (or Sahwa) movement as an example how different groups can be mobilized for collective action and disintegrated by internal external factors. It also examines motives tribal leaders to oppose AQI factors that had a decisive influence on disintegration movement. emergence Iraqi was associated not so much with sense ideological, patriotic, or religi...