This paper examines the following ethically and epidemiologicallyrelevant challenges, as yet neglected in public health ethics: howto distribute resources and health risks and benefits, how to defineevidentiary criteria that justify public health interventions, andhow to define terms in which programme goals, successes, andfailures will be assessed and monitored. We illu...

This qualitative study aimed to explore parental attitudes, knowledge and decision-making about HPV vaccination for adolescents in the context of a gender-neutral school-based Australian National Immunisation Program (NIP). Semi-structured interviews with parents eligible were undertaken as part an evaluation cluster-randomised controlled trial complex intervention 40 schools (2013–2015). In th...

BACKGROUND Reduction in the prevalence of vaccine type HPV infection in young women is an early indication of the impact of the HPV immunisation programme and a necessary outcome if the subsequent impact on cervical cancer is to be realised. METHODS Residual vulva-vaginal swab (VVS) specimens from young women aged 16-24 years undergoing chlamydia screening in community sexual health services ...

A novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) which caused the COVID-19 was first identified in December 2019, Wuhan, China. Within months, virus infection declared as a pandemic on March 11th, 2020, by World Health Organisation [1]. The initial Malaysian National Immunisation Program (NIP) scheduled into few phases to administer vaccine adults and adolescence aged from 12 17. In view of fourth wave, N...

The English national human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation programme has offered vaccination to girls aged 12 years at the start of each school year since September 2008. A catch-up programme has offered vaccination to girls up to 18 years. Delivery is predominantly school-based, with some general practitioner (GP)-based immunisation. The relationship between HPV immunisation coverage and dep...

AIM In a region with high rates of immunisation refusal, we examine whether refusing an immunisation at 6 weeks (the first scheduled immunisation) predicts the pattern for subsequent scheduled immunisations, and the characteristics of those who declined these immunisations. METHOD We used data from the National Immunisation Register to identify 11,972 children born between 1 January 2009 and ...

BACKGROUND Knowledge about the determinants of participation and attitude towards the National Immunisation Program (NIP) may be helpful in tailoring information campaigns for this program. Our aim was to determine which factors were associated with nonparticipation in the NIP and which ones were associated with parents' intention to accept remaining vaccinations. Further, we analyzed possible ...

While childhood immunisations are voluntary in the UK, healthcare staff strongly encourage uptake; this is endorsed by the Department of Health. While a few parents refuse immunisation outright, many more are uncertain about the risks and benefits. This uncertainty was exacerbated during the controversy over the mumps, measles and rubella vaccine. This prompted many studies exploring parents' v...

The National Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation in India (NTAGI) fulfils a need for informing decision-making concerning the introduction of new vaccines and strengthening the Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP). The role and membership of NTAGI have expanded over the years in tune with the emerging needs and priorities of the Government of India. Current challenges include institution...