I November of 1812, at the hamlet of Gara, Sergeant François Bourgogne admitted, “I am sure that if I had not found any horseflesh myself, I would have turned cannibal.”1 Bourgogne, a once dignified and proud member of the Imperial Guard, was brought to this macabre conclusion by the unfortunate events perpetuating Napoleon’s invasion of Russia. Bourgogne saw unprecedented death and destruction...

An elementary geometric construction, known as Napoleon’s theorem, produces an equilateral triangle, obtained from equilateral triangles erected on the sides of any initial triangle: The centers of the three equilateral triangles erected on the sides of the arbitrarily given original triangle, all outward or all inward, are the vertices of the new equilateral triangle. In this note, we observe ...

We consider the sequences of triangles where each triangle is formed out of the apices of three similar triangles built on the sides of its predecessor. We show under what conditions such sequences converge in shape, or are periodic.

The aim of this study was to test the validity of a computer software program previously demonstrated to be capable of making DSM-IV neuropsychiatric diagnoses from the content analysis of speech or verbal texts. In this report, the computer program was applied to three personal writings of Napoleon Bonaparte when he was 12 to 16 years of age. The accuracy of the neuropsychiatric evaluations de...

By Herman Villalba, MD Maher A Abbas, MD, FACS, FASCRS Introduction A patient arrives at your office with a chief complaint of hemorrhoids. Is it really hemorrhoids, or is it something else? How are hemorrhoids best treated? And when should you send the patient to see a surgeon? Hemorrhoids have plagued humankind since ancient times and might have even influenced world history. The emperor of F...

An algebraic foundation for the derivation of geometric construction schemes transforming arbitrary polygons with n vertices into k-regular n-gons is given. It is based on circulant polygon transformations and the associated eigenpolygon decompositions leading to the definition of generalized Napoleon vertices. Geometric construction schemes are derived exemplarily for different choices of n an...