Currently, there are no vaccines to fight against cocaine addiction for use in humans. Clinical trials for a few competitor antibodies are in different stages and a protected and viable immunization is sought after before the end of 2016.

In recent years, nanomedicine has transformed many areas of traditional medicine, and enabled fresh insights into the prevention of previously difficult to treat diseases. An example of the transformative power of nanomedicine is a recent nano-vaccine against listeriosis, a serious bacterial infection affecting not only pregnant women and their neonates, but also immune-compromised patients wit...

Acute respiratory infections represent a significant portion of global morbidity and mortality annually. There is a critical need for efficacious vaccines against respiratory pathogens. To vaccinate against respiratory disease, pulmonary delivery is an attractive route because it mimics the route of natural infection and can confer both mucosal and systemic immunity. We have previously demonstr...

The peptides vaccines are composed of the twenty genetically coded amino acids generally exist as an ensemble of different conformational states in solution. The induction of folded conformations in short peptide vaccine sequences may be achieved by the incorporation of stereochemically constrained non-coded amino acids. The aim of this review briefly provides basic understanding of method of v...