Nanoparticles are nanometer-scaled particles, and can be utilized in the form of nanocapsules, nanoconjugates, or nanoparticles themselves for the treatment of retinopathy, including angiogensis-related blindness, retinal degeneration, and uveitis. They are thought to improve the bioavailability in the retina and the permeability of therapeutic molecules across the barriers of the eye, such as ...

Gangwal et al. (2011) addressed an important topic for nanotoxicology about assessing the toxicity of inhaled nano materials by recom mending relevant concentrations for in vitro toxicity testing. Their efforts to select in vitro concentrations based on reported occupational exposure levels of inhaled nano materials are, indeed, laudable. Their under lying conceptual approach is logical, involv...

The recently emergent field of Nanotechnology involves the production and use of structures at the nanoscale. Research at atomic, molecular or macromolecular levels, has led to new materials, systems and structures on a scale consisting of particles less than 100 nm and showing unique and unusual physical, chemical and biological properties, which has enabled new applications in diverse fields,...

This Special Issue of Nanomaterials examines the potential for engineered nanomaterials to negatively impact biological systems and highlights some advances in evaluating key areas of their hazard potential. Nanomaterial science is evolving rapidly with the generation of more complex nanostructures with exciting potential applications. Keeping modern toxicology abreast of this innovation to the...

378 nature nanotechnology | VOL 3 | JULY 2008 | www.nature.com/naturenanotechnology oxygen vacancies. In the latter case, the actual carriers are lattice ions, which are much heavier than electrons. The scaling characteristics of these metal–oxide–metal devices are not discussed by the HP team, but they should, in principle, be quite good because the oxygen vacancies will probably have to drift...

Though nanomaterials have wide applications in various fields, they also have some toxic effects in them known as nanotoxic effects. This paper discusses about the various causes and effects of nanotoxicology in the field of medicine, in female (mice) reproductive system, on fetal organogenesis and morphology and toxicity of nanoparticles in zebrafish embryo.