• Tunable micro/nano-structured Ti surfaces were prepared by chemical treatments. Macrophage spreading was highly dependent on nano-structure morphological features. Micro/nano-structured activated M2 phenotype in macrophages. Current understanding the interactions between and macrophages is still limited. In this work, TiO 2 nano-structures introduced onto acid-etched alkali-heat treatment, io...

Background: It has recently been shown that the particle size of materials used for radiation shielding can affect the magnitude of radiation attenuation. Over the past years, application of nano-structured materials in radiation shielding has attracted attention world-wide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the shielding properties of the lead-free shields containing micro and nano-...