This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument to evaluate English language teachers’ lesson plan- ning self-concept. To this end, 30 English teachers were asked to prepare a sample lesson plan and 15 of them were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. A tentative questionnaire including six fac- tors namely: classroom management, lesson planning conformity, planning eff...

Charles Darwin introduced a novel idea into the concept of species, namely that species are branches in the lines of descent (segments of population lineages). In addition to this novel evolutionary component, Darwin’s species concept also retained an older taxonomic component, namely the view that the species category is a taxonomic rank; moreover, he adopted amount of difference as a criterio...

in this paper, we introduce and study the concept of $r$-fuzzy regular semi open (closed) sets in smooth topological spaces. by using $r$-fuzzy regular semi open (closed) sets, we define a new fuzzy closure operator namely $r$-fuzzy regular semi interior (closure) operator. also, we introduce fuzzy regular semi continuous and fuzzy regular semi irresolute mappings. moreover, we investigate the ...

our problem in this article is ibn miskawayh’s analysis of the nature of happiness, and its methodology is descriptive- analytic. ibn miskawayh considers happiness as “good” and “perfection” with respect to their holders; so, he establishes some inseparability between happiness, and good and perfection. ibn miskawayh has two definitions for the concept of good. he divides this conception into s...

In this paper, we introduce and study the concept of $r$-fuzzy regular semi open (closed) sets in smooth topological spaces. By using $r$-fuzzy regular semi open (closed) sets, we define a new fuzzy closure operator namely $r$-fuzzy regular semi interior (closure) operator. Also, we introduce fuzzy regular semi continuous and fuzzy regular semi irresolute mappings. Moreover, we investigate the ...

In this article we introduce the concept of $z^circ$-filter on a topological space $X$. We study and investigate the behavior of $z^circ$-filters and compare them  with corresponding ideals, namely, $z^circ$-ideals of $C(X)$,  the ring of real-valued continuous functions on a completely regular Hausdorff space $X$. It is observed that $X$ is a compact space if and only if every $z^circ$-filter ...

The concept of fuzzy random variable has been applied in several papers to model the present value of life insurance liabilities. It allows the fuzzy uncertainty of the interest rate and the probabilistic behaviour of mortality to be used throughout the valuation process without any loss of information. Using this framework, and considering a triangular interest rate, this paper develops closed...