BACKGROUND Theoretically, sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) of the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) should be preserved when L5 roots are damaged. Previous study indicated that SNAP of SPN was lost or reduced in amplitude in patiens with L5 radiculopathy. To address this issue, this study compared results of SPN sensory conduction studies between healthy subjects and patients with L5 radicu...

A highly tough and transparent film material was prepared from synthetic saponite (SPN) nanoplatelets of low aspect ratios and nanofibrillar cellulose. The nanofibrillar cellulose was chemically modified by topological surface oxidation using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl (TEMPO) as a catalyst. Both synthetic SPN nanoplatelets and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs) have abunda...

UNLABELLED Virulence factors are often multifunctional and contribute to pathogenesis through synergistic mechanisms. For the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, two factors that act synergistically are the S. pyogenes NAD(+) glycohydrolase (SPN) and streptolysin O (SLO). Through distinct mechanisms, SLO forms pores in host cell membranes and translocates SPN into the host cell cytosol. Two ...

Little is known about the viability of myxozoan actinospore stages after harvest from laboratory cultures of infected oligochaete worms. The viability and reactivity of actinospores of three myxozoan species was evaluated after short-term storage at 4 degrees C and 12 degrees C. Two methods of determining actinospore viability were compared: differential fluorescent staining and direct microsco...

The present communication describes three new species of myxosporeans (Myxozoa: Myxosporea: Bivalvulida), Myxobilatus odontamblyopusi sp. n., Myxobolus catmrigalae sp. n. and M. buccoroofus sp. n. from Odontamblyopus rubicundus (HamiltonBuchanan), Catla-Mrigal hybrid carp [male parent fish Catla catla (Hamilton-Buchanan) × female parent fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton-Buchanan)] and Labeo bata...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate tongue function in patients with tongue cancer after reconstruction with innervated supraclavicular fasciocutaneous island flaps (iSFIFs) with the cervical plexus (iSFIFs-SPN) or reinnervated SFIFs with neurorrhaphy of the cervical plexus and lingual nerve (rSFIFs-SPN-LN). METHODS Forty-two tongue defects were reconstructed using iSFIFs-SPN...

During a recent investigation of parasites infecting fishes from the Okavango River and Delta, Botswana (southern Africa) fourteen sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Siluriformes: Clariidae) were examined for the presence of myxozoan infections. Results revealed the presence of two species of the genus Henneguya Thélohan, 1895 and one species of the genus Myxobolus Bütschl...

The SPN antigen plays an essential role in mitosis, since microinjection of antibodies causes mitotic arrest. Here we show, by examination of the relative locations of SPN antigen, the centrosomal 5051 antigen and tubulin in normal mitotic, and in taxol-treated mitotic cells, that the SPN antigen is involved in organizing the microtubules of the spindle. The 210 kDa protein defined as SPN antig...

This paper proposes a nested (hierarchical) SPN structure and the symmetric block cipher “Hierocrypt”. In the nested SPN structure, lower-level SPN structures are recursively embedded into S-box positions in SPN of the higher level. This structure recursively assures the lower bound of active S-box number, and high security level is efficiently realized. The 8-round Hierocrypt is implemented in...

Considering the network structure is one of the new approaches in studying stochastic PERT networks (SPN). In this paper, planar networks are studied as a special class of networks. Two structural reducible mechanisms titled arc contraction and deletion are developed to convert any planar network to a series-parallel network structure.&#10In series-parallel SPN, the completion time distribution...