نتایج جستجو برای: myelination

تعداد نتایج: 3564  

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011
Keiichiro Susuki Alya R Raphael Yasuhiro Ogawa Michael C Stankewich Elior Peles William S Talbot Matthew N Rasband

During peripheral nerve development, Schwann cells ensheathe axons and form myelin to enable rapid and efficient action potential propagation. Although myelination requires profound changes in Schwann cell shape, how neuron-glia interactions converge on the Schwann cell cytoskeleton to induce these changes is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the submembranous cytoskeletal proteins αII and βII...

Journal: :The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2014
Javier Palazuelos Howard C Crawford Michael Klingener Bingru Sun Jason Karelis Elaine W Raines Adan Aguirre

Several studies have elucidated the significance of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase proteins (ADAMs) in PNS myelination, but there is no evidence if they also play a role in oligodendrogenesis and CNS myelination. Our study identifies ADAM17, also called tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE), as a novel key modulator of oligodendrocyte (OL) development and CNS myelination. Geneti...

Journal: :Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE 2015
Haley M Peckham Anita H Ferner Lauren Giuffrida Simon S Murray Junhua Xiao

Myelination is a complex process that involves both neurons and the myelin forming glial cells, oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). We use an in vitro myelination assay, an established model for studying CNS myelination in vitro. To do this, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are added to the purified primary rodent ...

Journal: :The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2008
Ana I Flores S Priyadarshini Narayanan Emily N Morse H Elizabeth Shick Xinghua Yin Grahame Kidd Robin L Avila Daniel A Kirschner Wendy B Macklin

The serine/threonine kinase Akt regulates multiple cellular functions. The current studies identify a new role for Akt in CNS myelination. In earlier studies on cultured oligodendrocytes, we showed that neuregulin signals through phosphatidylinositol-3'-OH kinase and Akt to enhance survival of oligodendrocytes. However, when transgenic animals were generated that overexpressed constitutively ac...

Journal: :The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1998
B Stevens S Tanner R D Fields

A cell culture preparation equipped with stimulating electrodes was used to investigate whether action potential activity can influence myelination of mouse dorsal root ganglia axons by Schwann cells. Myelination was reduced to one-third of normal by low-frequency impulse activity (0.1 Hz), but higher-frequency stimulation (1 Hz) had no effect. The number of Schwann cells and the ultrastructure...

2015
Michihiro Toritsuka Manabu Makinodan Toshifumi Kishimoto

Myelination is one of the strategies to promote the conduction velocity of axons in order to adjust to evolving environment in vertebrates. It has been shown that myelin formation depends on genetic programing and experience, including multiple factors, intracellular and extracellular molecules, and neuronal activities. Recently, accumulating studies have shown that myelination in the central n...

Journal: :The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2009
S Priyadarshini Narayanan Ana I Flores Feng Wang Wendy B Macklin

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a well known Akt substrate, regulates multiple cellular functions including cell growth and protein synthesis. The current study identifies a novel role of the Akt/mTOR pathway as a regulator of CNS myelination. Previously, we showed that overexpressing constitutively active Akt in oligodendrocytes in a transgenic mouse model induces enhanced CNS myelinatio...

2012
Yi Pang Baoying Zheng Simpson L Kimberly Zhengwei Cai Philip G Rhodes Rick C S Lin

An in vitro myelination model derived from rat central nervous system (CNS) remains to be established. Here, we describe a simple and reproducible myelination culture method using dissociated neuron-oligodendrocyte (OL) co-cultures from either the embryonic day 16 (E16) rat spinal cord or cerebral cortex. The dissociated cells are plated directly on poly-L-lysine-coated cover slips and maintain...

2016
Jenea M. Bin David A. Lyons

Myelination by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system is essential for nervous system function and health. Despite its importance, we have a relatively poor understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate myelination in the living animal, particularly in the CNS. This is partly due to the fact that myelination...

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