Background Often a patient with prolonged fever requires a complex medical approach involving several medical specialties and extensive laboratory investigations. Case report We report the case of a 32 year male who presented for prolonged febrile syndrome about 2 months, chills and discreet urinary symptoms, initially interpreted to be a chronic prostatitis and treated for about 40 days with f...

background: tuberculosis is a disease with high morbidity, caused mainly by mycobaterium tuberculosis (m.tb.). dna vaccines show a promising future due to their unique advantages over conventional methods. the early-secreted antigen target (esat)-6 and culture filtrate protein (cfp)-10 of m.tb. antigens have been identified as vaccine candidates against mycobacteria and used as subunit vaccines...

BACKGROUND Pulmonary tuberculosis, the most common clinical form of mycobacterial diseases, is a granulomatous disease of the lungs caused by Mycobaterium tuberculosis. A number of genes have been identified in studies of diverse origins to be important in tuberculosis. Of these, both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin alpha (LT-alpha) play important immunoregulatory roles....

Johne's disease (JD), a persistent and slow progressing infection of ruminants such as cows and sheep, is caused by slow replicating bacilli Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infecting macrophages in the gut. Infected animals initially mount a cell-mediated CD4 T cell response against MAP which is characterized by the production of interferon gamma (Th1 response). Over time,...

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are not only emerging and opportunistic pathogens of both humans and animals, but from a veterinary point of view some species induce cross-reactive immune responses that hamper the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in both livestock and wildlife. Little information is available about NTM species circulating in wildlife species of South Africa. In this st...

BACKGROUND MPT64 rapid speciation tests are increasingly being used in diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Mycobacterium africanum West Africa 2 (Maf 2) remains an important cause of TB in West Africa and causes one third of disease in The Gambia. Since the introduction of MPT64 antigen tests, a higher than expected rate of suspected non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) was seen among AFB smear posit...

Mycobaterium tuberculosis (MTB) accounts for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species, usually considered benign contaminants, are increasingly recognized to be associated with pulmonary disease in immuno-compromised hosts. The tuberculin skin test (TST) is of limited benefit in immuno-supressed individuals who often fail to mount a delayed type ...

Sacroilitis is an inflammatory disease, which is often caused by Brucella species (mainly by Brucella melitensis, and B. abortus), Mycobaterium tuberculosis or inflammatory diseases such as ankylosing spondilitis. It is rarely associated with Staphylococcal infections. In this report, a case of a 24-year-old sailor with a history of low back pain is presented who was initially suspected to suff...

Background: HIV patients have several habits that can produce oral lesions. However, the association of oral habits and risk behaviors with oral and peri-oral lesions in HIV patients has not been studied in Ethiopia to date. Objective: To assess the relationship of oral and peri-oral lesions with oral habits, risk behaviors, socio-demographic factors and clinical stages of disease among HIV inf...