Mycobacterium riyadhense is a newly described slowly growing, non-tuberculous mycobacterium species. We describe 2 new cases of Mycobacterium riyadhense infections presenting with extra-pulmonary involvement, and reviewed all previously reported cases in the literature. We also describe the spectrum of the disease and explore treatment options based on the experience with the current and previo...

An outbreak of invasive Mycobacterium chimaera infections associated with "heater-cooler" devices in patients treated with cardiac surgery has been described worldwide. The authors summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the epidemiology, diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of Mycobacterium chimaera infections in patients after cardiothoracic surgery.

Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) is a ubiquitous waterborne organism that grows optimally at temperatures around 30°C. It is a nontuberculous Mycobacterium found in nonchlorinated water with worldwide prevalence. It is the most common atypical Mycobacterium that causes opportunistic infection in humans. M. marinum can cause superficial infections and localized invasive infections in humans, w...

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are acid-fast bacteria that are ubiquitous in the environment and can colonize soil, dust particles, water sources, and food supplies. They are divided into rapidly growing mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium abscessus as well as slowly growing species such as Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium kansasii, and ...

Mycobacterium simiae is a multidrug-resistant, slowgrowing, nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) that has been rarely reported as a cause of pulmonary infections and disseminated disease in immunocompromised hosts, especially in patients with advanced AIDS [1]. Nontuberculous mycobacterium infections caused by M simiae have increasingly been reported as a cause for cervical lymphadenitis in immun...

Mycobacterium chelonae is a rapidly growing mycobacterium found in water and soil that can cause local cutaneous infections in immunocompetent hosts but more frequently affects immunocompromised patients. Typically, patients will present with painful subcutaneous nodules of the joints or soft tissues from traumatic inoculation. However, exhibiting a sporotrichoid-like pattern of these nodules i...

MYCOBACTERIUM FORTUITUM is considered a ubiquitous, rapidly growing atypical mycobacterium readily isolated from soil, water, domestic and wild animals, milk, and foods. 1 Although originally believed to be a saprophyte, M. fortuitum has become rarely associated with human infections. Most commonly, reported clinical infections are postsurgical, cutaneous, or pulmonary. 2 The rise in clinical s...

Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are rare but severe complications of chemotherapy in children. In children with prolonged lymphopoenia after mieloablative regimens, symptoms can be nonspecific and fever and pulmonary impairment are the most common clinical features. Diagnosis is challenging for physicians and microbiologists and often requires invasive techniques. We report a girl affec...