in india, holstein and its crosses are being used extensively in breeding programmes and all these breeding bulls are screened for autosomal recessive genes. blood samples are collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) coated tubes and dna was isolated by using phenol-chloroform method. polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) wereperformed by using...

In the present paper the history of the rise and fall of mutation breeding as an autonomous branch of breeding research is documented as well as its positive side effects for plant breeding and biology in general. Perhaps the most important generalization on the basis of the total outcome of mutation breeding will be termed “the law of recurrent variation”. It states that “treating homozygous l...

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (EB) in the Belgian draft horse and other draft horse breeds is a genodermatosis inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The mutation responsible is a cytosine insertion (1368 insC) in the LAMC2 gene, which results in the absent expression of the laminin -2 polypeptide chain of the heterotrimer laminin-332 (previously laminin-5). A polymerase chain reaction (...

Spontaneous mutation, the naturally occurring heritable change to genetic material which played a pivotal role in biological evolution and formed the basis for speciation and domestication of both crops and animals, can be artificially induced and supports the maintenance of biodiversity. Since the discovery of X-ray and other forms of radiation at the end of the 19th century and the ensuing de...

Three sugarcane clones viz., NI-98, NIA-2004 and BL4 were tested for induced somatic mutation using irradiation doses of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40Gy. The treatments 30Gy and 40Gy exhibited negative impact on the agronomic traits under study. The dose 20Gy showed stimulating and enhancing effect on plant height and cane yield (kg/plot). The analysis of variance (mean square) for all the characters u...

The Breeder Genetic Algorithm BGA models arti cial selection as performed by human breeders The science of breeding is based on advanced statistical methods In this paper a connection between genetic algorithm theory and the science of breeding is made We show how the response to selection equation and the concept of heritability can be applied to predict the behavior of the BGA Selection recom...

Aerospace provides a special environment with strong cosmic radiation, microgravity, weak geomagnetic field and supervacuum, etc., which might affect plant growth and development as well as induce genetic changes of crop seeds. Since 1987, China has been conducting experiments of space mutagenesis for crop improvement by using recoverable satellites and Shenzhou spacecrafts. Shijian-8, the firs...

Nature of Work: The development of new and superior plants helps to stimulate excitement and demand, improve competitiveness and profitability, and ultimately deliver superior and more diverse products to consumers. Numerous sources of novel traits have provided the current diversity in ornamental plants including wild collections of whole plants and seeds, open-pollinated seedling selection, r...

present forms of life are the product of three factors: • mutation, the fundamental source of heritable variation, • environmental factors, which influence the selection of those mutations that survive and reproduce, and • time, during which the genotype and environment constantly interact and evolutionary change is realized. Genetic variation found in nature does not represent the original spe...

Spontaneous mutations are important for the development of new Citrus varieties, but these mutations appear at a low frequency in nature. In contrast, induced mutagenesis using radiation or chemical mutagens can increase the rate of mutation many fold, which increases the genetic variability that is available for selection. However, few induced mutants have been officially released for cultivat...