The ultimate success of the reconquista (the reconquering of Muslim lands in the Iberian Peninsula from 718-1492) and the ensuing consolidation of Spain beneath the joint rule of Ferdinand and Isabel helped define the course of western civilization. This paper uses the unique institutional organization of Muslim rulers in Iberia to explain the fall of Muslim power in the Peninsula. Through vast...

1Shaheen, 2Seema Hakim, 3Veena Maheshwari, 4Smriti Bhargava 1Lecturer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India 3Professor, Department of Pathology, JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim Univer...

The need for research in the field of designated problems is determined by changing circumstances life modern society on a global scale. In recent years, interfaith interactions world have not inspired optimism improving intercultural contacts (one can mention rejection policy multiculturalism Western Europe, terrorist attacks France and other places, conflicts Middle East, etc.). demonstrates ...

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan tentang dinamika Muhammadiyah dalam mencari solusi kelangkaan ulama. berbentuk kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Penggalian data dilakukan teknik observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara mendalam (in depth interview) para informan yang ditentukan menggunakan purposive sampling. Data terkumpul dianalisis metode analisis interaktif Miles Huberman. Hasil penelit...

For the Muslim community, ulama are central figures in ubudiyah and social affairs. Therefore, life of Indonesian society, get a previllage that is not owned by ordinary people. In older references, scholars known two termonologies; Scholars Salaf Khalaf. While context often identified with kiai who own or nurture pesantren. However, over time, Indonesia many more varied terms have emerged; Spi...

Unity is strength and cause of national power development depends on unity. But bigotry the disease which enemy unity brotherhood. According to Islamic teachings all Muslims are brothers one ummah. Due brotherhood every Muslim sympathetic helpful other Muslims, while concept nationality, tribe, community cast only for mutual identification in Islam. Bigotry illegitimate pride have harmed humani...

Despite growing interest from practitioners, politicians and the media, the political representation of Muslim ethnic minority women in the West has received scant scholarly attention. I address this gap with new data on the representation of Muslim ethnic minority women and men in 20 national legislatures from 2000 to 2010. Results reveal that Muslim ethnic minority women are increasingly elec...

A comparative study on anthropometric measurements and adiposity indices among adult (18 23 years) Hindu (n=100) and Muslim (n=100) females showed significant difference (p<0.001) except maximum hip circumference. The study also revealed that Hindu females had higher overall and abdominal fat deposition than Muslim females. Comparison of body mass index cut off values (WHO, 1995) revealed that ...