In general, the Muskingum-Cunge method is used to route floods when observed flood data are not available. this study, applicability of Variable Parameter (VPMC) routing was investigated in a gauged creek reach. The reach between two stream gauging stations. Some physical characteristics reach, such as length, bed slope, cross sections, and Manning’s coefficient (n), were determined by using di...

The Muskingum method is one of the widely used methods for lumped flood routing in natural rivers. Calibration its parameters remains an active challenge researchers. task has been mostly addressed by using crisp numbers, but fuzzy seems a reasonable alternative to account parameter uncertainty. In this work, model proposed where assessment outflow as quantity based on linear with inputs. This ...

Abstract Considering cost and time, the Muskingum method is most efficient flood routing technique. The existing models are only different in storage equation their efficiency depends on model type estimation of parameters. In this paper, nonlinear combined with a new lateral flow equation. Although includes five decision variables, done more accurately than previous studies. hybrid have 12 var...

Abstract The precise evaluation of the Muskingum model (MM) parameters is quite critical for routing flood waves achieving control in open channels. MM one popular techniques adopted routing. Estimation so as to provide best fit observed and computed flow values a global optimization problem. Several have been past serve this purpose, but efficient algorithms are needed overcome local optima is...

How should iterators be abstracted and encapsulated in modern imperative languages, e.g., Ada and C++? We consider the combined impact of several factors on this question: the need for a “common interface model” for userdefined iterator abstractions; the importance of formal methods in specifying such a model; and problems involved in modular correctness proofs of iterator implementations and c...

Changing of precipitation regime and intensification extreme storms in semi-arid regions because climate change requires the use numerical models to forecast outlet hydrographs. In this paper, HEC-HMS software was applied using a loss method curve number CN estimate excess parametric unit hydrograph model compute transformation into direct runoff over watershed. The Muskingum-Cunge routing used...