Nearly 8 million dry tons (7 256 000 t) of municipal sewage sludge are produced each year in the USA by the more than 15 000 publicly owned treatment plants and the tonnage is increasing. Municipalities are faced with increasing cost of incineration, decreasing land for and increasing costs of landfills, and environmental concerns over ocean dumping. Under the circumstances, the attractiveness ...

Various methods have been used to dispose of or utilize municipal sewage sludge (1), including incineration, landfilling, road surfacing, conversion to fertilizer, compression into building blocks, and carbonization (1-4). Since 1976 several patents have been issued on carbonization of sewage sludge and various applications of the final materials (4-7). Carbonization of sludge in the presence o...

A series of interlaboratory comparison exercises were conducted to assess the accuracy of dialkyl phthalate ester (DPE) concentration measurements in environmental and biological samples. Five laboratories participated in analyses to determine DPE concentrations in standard test solutions; marine sediments; three certified reference materials, including CARP-2 (fish muscle) and BCR-07 (fortifie...

Thousands of chemicals have been identified as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), but prioritizing them concerning ecological and human health risks is challenging. We explored the use of sewage treatment plants as chemical observatories to conveniently identify persistent and bioaccumulative CECs, including toxic organohalides. Nationally representative samples of sewage sludge (biosolid...

Municipal sewage is a source of various lipids where the lipids can be extracted and converted to biodiesel by transesterification reaction. The present study reveals the properties of extracted Lipids like, Viscosity mmS, Density, kg/m3, Acid value mg KOH/g, Iodine value g I2/100 g, Value of saponification(mg KOH/g), Free fatty acid (%),Capric acid (%),Lauric acid (%),Myristic acids (%),Steari...

Research was conducted, which aim was to evaluate the influence of mesophilic methane digestion on degradation of coplanar and indicator PCB in sewage sludge, and on dynamics of changes of these congeners during the process. For the research, sewage sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant were used. Mesophilic digestion was conducted at the temperature of 36°C±1°C. The anaerobic stab...

This paper concerns the process of production and properties of pellets based on biomass wastes. Co-pelletization was performed for sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant and other biomass material such as animal and olive wastes. The aim of the present study was to identify the key factors affecting on the sewage sludge and agricultural residues co-pelletization processes cond...

When the sewage sludge containing the persistent, lipophilic, metabolite 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) has been disposed of in the environment it's toxic nature can lead to serious health risks to human beings and can also affect plants and aquatic organisms. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a new and powerful technique for extracting the organic contaminants from the solid phase. The present stu...

The biomass fraction of processed municipal and industrial wastes added to soil can 10 maintain, and in some case improve, the soil’s organic fertility. One of the main constraints in the 11 agricultural use of the sewage sludge is its content of heavy metals. In the long term, soil 12 administration of sewage sludge in agriculture could result in a risk of environmental impact. The 13 aim of t...

Since potassium is essential for plant nutrition, should this element be deficient in sewage sludge used for plant fertilization supplementary mineral potassium fertilization is necessary. The aim of the present study has been to evaluate the effect of fertilization with organic materials on maize yield, its potassium concentrations and the content of bioavailable forms of potassium in soil of ...