BACKGROUND Over the past years, the incidence of colorectal cancer has been increasing among young adults. A large percentage of these patients live at least 5 years after diagnosis, but it is unknown whether their rate of hospitalizations after this 5-year mark is comparable to the general population. METHODS This is a population-based cohort consisting of 917 young adult survivors diagnosed...

Introduction: Millions of U.S. residents become ill from foodborne pathogens each year. Most foodborne outbreaks occuramong small groups of persons in a localized area. However, because many foods are distributed widely and rapidly, andbecause detection methods have improved, outbreaks that occur in multiple states and that even span the entire countryare being recognized with incre...

Cancer patients with bone metastases are at increased risk of experiencing skeletal events associated with severe morbidity. Clinical trials of palliative therapies must perform rigorous and robust evaluation of new treatments on the basis of meaningful summaries of the course of skeletal events over time, while dealing with potentially high mortality rates during observation. The purpose of th...

INTRODUCTION Millions of U.S. residents become ill from foodborne pathogens each year. Most foodborne outbreaks occur among small groups of persons in a localized area. However, because many foods are distributed widely and rapidly, and because detection methods have improved, outbreaks that occur in multiple states and that even span the entire country are being recognized with increasing freq...

For clinical trials where participants pass through a number of discrete health states resulting in longitudinal measures over time, there are several potential primary estimands for the treatment effect. Incidence or time to particular state commonly used outcomes but choice may not be obvious and these do make full use assessments. Multistate models have been developed some diseases condition...

The effects of ATP hydrolysis on actin polymerization-based force generation are calculated using a multistate two-state Brownian-ratchet model based on measured polymerization curves. For ensembles of filaments pushing against a rigid obstacle, the stall force per filament can be much less than the equilibrium ATP-actin stall force. PACS numbers: 87.15.Rn,87.17.Jj,87.16.Ac,87.15.Cc

The SBML (systems biology markup language) is a standard exchange format for computational models of biochemical networks. We continue developing SBML collaboratively with the modelling community to meet their evolving needs. The recently introduced SBML Level 2 includes several enhancements to the original Level 1, and features under development for SBML Level 3 include model composition, mult...

Recently developed comparative phylogenetic methods offer a wide spectrum of applications in evolutionary biology, although it is generally accepted that their statistical properties are incompletely known. Here, we examine and compare the statistical power of the ML and Bayesian methods with regard to selection of best-fit models of fruiting-body evolution and hypothesis testing of ancestral s...