Promoting generic competition following patent expiration of innovator product is a key policy strategy in containing rising drug expenditure in both developed and developing countries. However, the effect of this measure on drug prices has not been specifically explored in Malaysia. This paper analyses the potential effect of generic competition on drug prices in the off-patent pharmaceutical ...

This paper discusses an approach for extracting supporting evidence from multisource spatial data and by rule-based models to incorporate the evidence with pre-classified Landsat TM data for improving classification accuracy. The process was focused on the extracted "possibly misclassified pixels" (PMPs) only. Based on Dempster-Shafer's theory of evidence, the concepts of homogeneous, heterogen...

A practical two-stage procedure for determination of stand parameters of entire forest stands by means of fi eld plots and airborne laser scanner data has been developed and tested. In the fi rst stage, geo-referenced fi eld sample plots are related to the corresponding laser data, and relationships (regressions) between fi eld data and various canopy height and canopy density metrics that can ...

This paper discusses the design process of a multi-index, multisource information retrieval system (SIRS). SIRS provides comprehensive visualization of different document types for the JRC working environment. The interface design is based on elastic window management and on the Focus+Context method to browse large amounts of information without losing its contextual relevance. Source integrati...

A generalized dressing method is presented for integration of the nonlinear evolution equation of the coherent density function describing partially coherent wave propagation in a noninstantaneous Kerr media. As an example an exact, partially coherent multisource N-soliton solution is derived. It is also demonstrated how this method is applicable for construction of solutions to the equivalent ...

This paper presents a multi-strategy and multisource question answering (QA) system that can use multiple strategies to both answer natural language (NL) questions and respond to keywords. We use multiple information sources including curated knowledge base, raw text, auto-generated triples, and NL processing results. We develop open semantic answer type detector for answer merging and improve ...

In this survey, we examine an important class of facility location problems known as the multisource Weber problem (also referred to as the continuous location-allocation problem). We also show how recent advances in the use of metaheuristic rules have significantly improved the ability to solve problems of this type. The new solution methods are discussed for both the well known multisource W...

Background: Radiofrequency has been proven to penetrate deeper than optical light sources independent of skin color allowing a safer treatment for the Asian skin type. Many studies have indicated the efficacy of various types of devices, but have not included a sufficient objective evaluation. Multisource radiofrequency uses multiple phase controlled radiofrequency generators with real time imp...

This paper formalises the concept of learning symbolic rules from multisource data in a cardiac monitoring context. Our sources, electrocardiograms and arterial blood pressure measures, describe cardiac behaviours from different viewpoints. To learn interpretable rules, we use an Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) method. We develop an original strategy to cope with the dimensionality issues cau...

The violation of certain Bell inequalities allows for device-independent information processing secure against nonsignaling eavesdroppers. However, this only holds for the Bell network, in which two or more agents perform local measurements on a single shared source of entanglement. To overcome the practical constraints that entangled systems can only be transmitted over relatively short distan...