The cell surfaces of several toxigenic and nontoxigenic environmental and clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 have been examined. The environmental strains, irrespective of toxigenicity, are significantly more resistant to antibiotics and detergents than are V. cholerae O1 strains. The clinical isolates of non-O1 vibrios are as sensitive to a wide variety of chemicals as the O1 vibrios....

Among the descriptors of the molecular structure of carbohydrates, the conformation of the pyranose ring is usually the most problematic one to tackle. We present the results of a systematic study oriented at determining the ring-inversion properties of all d-hexopyranoses in the form of monosaccharides, O1-methylated monosaccharides and homotrisaccharides. Contrary to the existing studies, bas...

In Ahmedabad, a major city in the state of Gujarat, India, an outbreak of acute secretory diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa El Tor, V. cholerae O139, and multiple serotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) occurred in January 2000. All of the representative V. cholerae O1 and O139 isolates examined harbored the ctxA gene (encoding the A subunit of cholera toxin) and the El T...

In this paper we argue that maximum expected utility is a suitable framework for modeling a broad range of decision problems arising in pattern recognition and related fields. Examples include, among others, gaze planning and other active vision problems, active learning, sensor and actuator placement and coordination, intelligent humancomputer interfaces, and optimal control. Following this re...

Parasitism has been argued as one o1 the major costs o1 breeding sociality in birds. Mowever, there is no clear evidence 1or an increased parasite pressure associated with the evolutionary transition 1rom solitary to colonial breeding. I used the pairwise comparative method to test whether colonial bird species incur in a greater risK o1 in1ection and i1 they must to 1ace with a greater diversi...

where ◦o1,o2,o3 : 〈o2,o3〉×〈o1,o2〉 → 〈o1,o3〉 that satisfies usual conditions (associativity and the existence of the identities). This approach is closer to the way in which categories are presented in homological algebra (e.g. [1], pp.58-59). We do not assume that 〈o1,o2〉’s are mutually disjoint. If f is simultaneously a morphism from o1 to o2 and o1 to o2 (o1 6= o1) than different compositions...

Maize (Zeamays) is one of themost important cereal grains, and considerable effort has been focused on improving this source of human nutrition (Gibbon and Larkins, 2005). Most of the weight of maize kernels is the endosperm, and the protein composition of the endosperm is an important determiner of kernel texture and nutritional value. Zeins make up over half of endosperm total protein, and al...

SCOR, the Structural Classification of RNA (http://scor.lbl.gov), is a database designed to provide a comprehensive perspective and understanding of RNA motif three-dimensional structure, function, tertiary interactions and their relationships. SCOR 2.0 represents a major expansion and introduces a new classification organization. The new version represents the classification as a Directed Acyc...