this research provides an optimization tool for use by supply chain managers in the design and operation of manufacturing- distribution networks under uncertain demand conditions. the problem under consideration consists of determining the supply chain infrastructure; raw material purchases, shipments, and inventories; and finished product production quantities, inventories, and shipments neede...

In supply chain networks, the flow of material occurs between various business entities such as suppliers, manufactures, distributors and retailers, which can be considered as the various echelons (levels) in a multi-echelon supply chain network. Spare parts supply chain management deals with optimizing stocking, purchasing, repairing and disposing activities of purchased parts and their compon...

in this paper, the distribution network for multi-level supply chain has been studied. products produced in factories are sent to customers through warehouses and distribution centers based on specific demands. warehouses as holding inventory facilities are located close to factories and the distribution centers are placed in the most accessible locations for services near customers. each item ...

This paper develops a decentralized leader-follower game for network design of a competitive supply chain problem in which a new chain as the leader enters a market with one existing supply chain as a follower. Both chains produce an identical product, customer demand is inelastic and customer utility function is based on Huff gravity-based model. The leader wants to shape his network and set a...

In the recent decades, rapid population growth has led to the significant increase in food demand. Food supply chain has always been one of the most important and challenging management issues. Product with short age, especially foodstuffs, is the most problematic challenges for supply chain management. These challenges are mainly due to the diversity in the number of these goods, the special n...

pricing and advertising are two important marketing strategies in the supply chain management which lead to customer demand’s increase and therefore higher profit for members of supply chains. this paper considers advertising, and pricing decisions simultaneously for a three-level supply chain with one supplier, one manufacturer and one retailer. the amount of market demand is influenced by pri...

in today's globalization, an effective integration of production and distribution plans into a unified framework is crucial for attaining competitive advantage. this paper addresses an integrated multi-product and multi-time period production/distribution planning problem for a two-echelon supply chain subject to the real-world variables and constraints. it is assumed that all transportations a...

inventory control is one of the most important issues in supply chain management. in this paper, a three-echelon production, distribution, inventory system composed of one producer, a set of wholesalers and retailers is considered. costumers' demands can be approximated by a normal distribution and the inventory policy is a kind of continuous review (r, q). in this paper, a model based on ...

supplier selection is one of the most important activities of purchasing departments. this importance is increased even more by new strategies in a supply chain, because of the key role suppliers perform in terms of quality, costs and services which affect the outcome in the buyer’s company. supplier selection is a multiple criteria decision making problem in which the objectives are not equall...

The aim of the presented work is to contribute to the field of the supply chain design that spans multiple organizations. It is based on a methodological approach that outlines two main results: a conceptual model and an operational one. These two models take into account the different characteristics and mechanisms of the supply chain. The conceptual level is based on four views: product, orga...